Labor/Radical/LGBTQ+/Underground Journalism
Labor, Socialist, Anarchist Press
Aaron, Daniel. Writers on the Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1961.
Beck, Elmer A. “Autopsy of a Labor Daily: The Milwaukee Leader.” Journalism Monographs 16 (August 1970).
Bekken, Jon E. “No Weapon So Powerful: Working Class Newspapers in the United States.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 12:2 (Summer 1988).
Bekken, Jon. “‘The Most Vindictive and Most Vengeful Power’: Labor Confronts the Chicago Newspaper Trust.” Journalism History 18 (1992):11-17.
Bekken, Jon E. “Working Class Newspapers, Community, and Consciousness in Chicago, 1880-1930.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, 1992.
Bekken, Jon. “‘This Paper Is Owned by Many Thousands of Workingmen and Women’: Contradictions of a Socialist Daily.” American Journalism 10, no. 1–2 (1993): 61–83.
Bekken, Jon. “A Paper for Those Who Toil: The Chicago Labor Press in Transition.” Journalism History 23:1 (Winter 1997): 24-33.
Bekken, Jon. “A Collective Biography of Editors of U.S. Workers’ Papers: 1913 & 1925.” American Journalism 15, no. 3 (1998): 19–39.
Blake, Matthew Dower. “Woody Sez: Woody Guthrie in the People’s World Newspaper.” PhD dissertation, University of Florida, 2006.
Blake, Matthew. “Woody Guthrie: A Dust Bowl Representative in the Communist Party Press.” Journalism History 35:4 (Winter 2010): 184-193.
Briley, Ronald. “‘Woody Sez’: Woody Guthrie, The People’s Daily World, and Indigenous Radicalism.” California History 84 (Fall 2006): 30–43; 69–70.
Bryant, Earle. Byline, Richard Wright: Articles from the Daily Worker and New Masses. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2014.
Buchstein, Frederick D. “The Anarchist Press in American Journalism.” Journalism History 1 (1974): 43-45, 66.
Carruthers, Bruce. “Kansas Populist Newspaper Editorial Response to the Homestead and Pullman Strikes: An Application of Sewell’s Theory of Structure.” Social Thought & Research 29 (2008): 75–103.
Chen, Michelle. “The Labor Angle: Reflections on the History of the Working-Class and Radical Press.” Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 19:3 (September 2022): 77-83.
Cobb-Reiley, Linda. “Aliens and Alien Ideas: The Suppression of Anarchists and the Anarchist Press in America, 1901-1984.” Journalism History 15 (Summer 1988).
Conlin, Joseph R., ed. The American Radical Press 1880-1960. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1974.*
Corbin, David. The Socialist and Labor Star, 1912-1915. Huntington: Appalachian Movement Press, 1951.
Dyson, Lowell K. “Radical Farm Organizations and Periodicals in America, 1920-1960.” Agricultural History 45, no. 2 (1971): 111–120.
Faue, Elizabeth. Writing the Wrongs: Eva Valesh and the Rise of Labor Journalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002.
Ferguson, Kathy E. “Assemblages of Anarchists: Political Aesthetics in Mother Earth.” The Journal of Modern Periodical Studies 4, no. 2 (2013): 171–194.
Ferguson, Kathy E. Letterpress Revolution: The Politics of Anarchist Print Culture. Durham: Duke University Press, 2023.
Fetter, Henry D. “The Party Line and the Color Line: The American Communist Party, the Daily Worker, and Jackie Robinson.” Journal of Sports History 28 (Fall 2001): 375-402.
Foner, Philip S. “A Labor Voice for Black Equality: The Boston Daily Evening Voice, 1864-1867.” Science and Society (Fall 1978): 304-325.
Foner, Philip S. William Heighton: Pioneer Labor Leader of Jacksonian Philadelphia. New York: International, 1991. (editor of Mechanics’ Free Press)
Frieve, Victoria M. “Advocacy Journalism, Labor Feminism, and the Timber Worker, 1936-1940.” Journalism History48:1 (January 2022): 19-40.
Gavigan, Ian Noah. “Read All Over: The Reading Labor Advocate and Socialist Power in Pennsylvania, 1927-1936.” Pennsylvania History 88:1 (Winter 2021): 56-84.
Giombolini, Alecia Jay. “Anarchism on the Willamette: The Firebrand Newspaper and the Origins of a Culturally American Anarchist Movement, 1895-1898.” PhD dissertation, Portland State University, 2018.
Goldwater, Walter, ed. Radical Periodicals in America, 1890-1950. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966.
Gower, Karla K. “Agnes Smedley: A Radical Journalist in Search of a Cause.” American Journalism 13, no. 4 (1996): 416–39.
Graham, John, ed., “Yours for the Revolution:” The Appeal to Reason, 1895-1922. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990.
Greenwood, Laura. “The Anarchist Periodical Press in the United States: An Intertextual Study of Prison Blossoms, Free Society, and The Demonstrator.” PhD dissertation, Trent University, 2016.
Grieve, Victoria M. “The Federated Press and Labor Feminism on the US Home Front during World War II.” Home Front Studies 2 (2022): 23-48.
Griffin, Willie James. “News and Views of the Postal Service: Trezzvant W. Anderson and Black Labor Journalism in the New Deal Era.” Labor: Studies in Working Class History of the Americas 15, no. 1 (2018): 53–65.
Halverson, Guy, and William E. Ames. “The Butte Bulletin: Beginnings of a Labor Daily.” Journalism Quarterly 46 (Summer 1969): 260-266.
Hoerder, Dick, ed. The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s. 3 Volumes. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1987.
Huck, Gary, and Mike Konopacki. “What Happened to the Labor Movement’s Sense of Humor? The Rise and Fall of Labor Cartooning.” New Labor Forum, no. 9 (2001): 36–45.
Hume, Janice. “Lincoln was a Red and Washington a Bolshevik: Public Memory as Persuader in the Appeal to Reason.” Journalism History 28:4 (Winter 2003): 172-181.
Jaquette, Brianne. “‘Written for the National Labor Tribune’: Community Formation through Poetry in Pittsburgh’s Labor Newspaper.” The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 48, no. 1 (2015): 19–43.
Jones, Margaret C. Heretics & Hellraisers: Women Contributors to The Masses, 1911-1917. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1993.
Kates, James. “Editor, Publisher, Citizen, Socialist: Victor L. Berger and His Milwaukee Leader.” Journalism History 44:2 (Summer 2018): 79-88.
Kornbluth, Jesse. “This Place of Entertainment Has No Fire Exit: The Underground Press and How It Went.” The Antioch Review 29, no. 1 (1969): 91–99.
Lee, R. Alton. Publisher For the Masses, Emanuel Haldeman-Julius. Lincoln: Bison Books, 2018.
Leopold, Richard. Robert Dale Owen, a Biography. New York: Octagon Books, 1969. (editor of New York Free Enquirer)
Lumsen, Linda J. Black, White, and Red All Over: A Cultural History of the Radical Press in its Heyday, 1900-1917. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2014.
Lumsen, Linda J. “The New York Call: Challenges to Sustaining Socialist Identity in the Daily Newspaper Market, 1908-1923.” Journalism History 39:4 (2014): 219-230.
McFarland, C.K., and Robert L. Thistlewaite. “20 Years of a Successful Labor Paper: The Working Man’s Advocate, 1829-1849.” Journalism Quarterly 60:1 (Spring 1983): 35-40.
McFarland, C.K., and Robert L. Thistlewaite. “Labor Press Demands Equal Education in Age of Jackson.” Journalism Quarterly 65 (1988): 600-08.
Martinek, Jason D. “‘Mental dynamite’: Radical Literacy and American Socialists’ Print Culture of Dissent, 1897–1917.” PhD dissertation, Carnegie Mellon University, 2005.
Meeker, Martin. Contacts Desired: Gay and Lesbian Communications and Communities, 1940s-1970s. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
Miller, Sally M. Victor Berger and the Promise of Constructive Socialism, 1910-1920. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1973.
Moody, Kim. “A Gilded-Age Social Media: John Swinton, Joseph Buchanan, and the Late Nineteenth-Century Labor Press.” Labor 15:1 (March 2018): 11-24.
Mount, Andre. “Grasp the Weapon of Culture! Radical Avant-Gardes and the Los Angeles Free Press.” The Journal of Musicology 32, no. 1 (2015): 115–52.
Nord, David Paul. “The Appeal to Reason and American Socialism, 1901-1920.” Kansas History 1 (Summer 1975).
O’Neil, William L. Echoes of Revolt: The Masses, 1911-1917. Chicago, 1966.
Pribanic-Smith, Erika J., and Jared Schroeder. Emma Goldman’s No-Conscription League and the First Amendment. New York: Routledge, 2019.
Prown, Henry. “Famine, Trial, War: A Selected Review of Political Commentary in the New Masses from 1933 to 1939.” American Communist History 18, no. 3/4 (July 1, 2019): 296–309.
Roediger, David. “Racism, Reconstruction, and the Labor Press: The Rise and Fall of the St. Louis Daily Press, 1864-1866.” Science and Society (Summer 1978): 156-164.
Rondinone, Troy. The Great Industrial War: Framing Class Conflict in the Media, 1865-1950. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2010.
Roscigno, Vincent J. The Voice of Southern Labor: Radio, Music, and Textile Strikes, 1929-1934. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004.
Rozendal, Michael. “An Engaged Mass Audience? The Provocations of a Popular Front Slick, Direction (1937–1945).” The Journal of Modern Periodical Studies 3, no. 2 (2012): 198–213.
Ruff, Allen. We Called Each Other Comrade: Charles H. Kerr & Company, Radical Publisher. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997.
Russo, Ann, and Cheris Kramarae. The Radical Women’s Press of the 1850s. New York: Routledge, 1991.
Schappes, Morris U. The Daily Worker: Heir to a Great Tradition. New York: Daily Worker, 1944.
Schreiber, Rachel. “Before Their Makers and Their Judges: Prostitutes and White Slaves in the Political Cartoons of The Masses (New York 1911-1917).” Feminist Studies 35, no. 1 (2009): 161–193.
Schreiber, Rachel. Gender and Activism in a Little Magazine: The Modern Figures of the Masses. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.
Schwantes, Carlos A. “Labor-Reform Papers in Oregon, 1871-1976: A Checklist.” The Pacific Northwest Quarterly 74, no. 4 (1983): 154–166.
Serby, Benjamin. “Not to Produce Newspapers, But Committed Radicals: The Underground Press, the New Left, and the Gay Liberation Counter public in the United States, 1965-1976.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 32: 1 (January 2023): 1-26.
Shore, Elliott. “Selling Socialism: The Appeal to Reason and the Radical Press in Turn-of-the-Century America.” Media, Culture & Society 7, no. 2 (1985): 147–168.
Shore, Elliot, et al., eds., The German-American Radical Press: The Shaping of a Left Political Culture, 1850-1940. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
Spates, James L. “Counterculture and Dominant Culture Values: A Cross-National Analysis of the Underground Press and Dominant Culture Magazines.” American Sociological Review 41, no. 5 (1976): 868–883.
Spencer, David R. “Unequal Partners: Gender Relationships in Victorian Radical Journalism.” American Journalism 14:3-4 (1997): 441-59.
Streitmatter, Rodger. “Origins of the American Labor Press.” Journalism History 25:3 (Summer 1999): 99-106.
Tager, Florence. “A Radical Culture for Children of the Working Class: The Young Socialists Magazine, 1908-1920.’” Curriculum Inquiry 22, no. 3 (1992): 271–290.
Theoharis, Athan. “The FBI, the Roosevelt Administration, and the ‘Subversive’ Press.” Journalism History 19:1 (Winter 1993):3-10.
Tracy, James F. “From Blueprint to Reality: The Dubuque Leader’s Transformation Under Cooperative Ownership.” American Journalism 19:4 (2002): 95-119.
Tracy, James F. “A Historical Case Study of Alternative News Media and Labor Activism: The Dubuque Leader, 1935-1939.” Journalism and Communication Monographs 8:4 (Winter 2007).
Wald, Alan M. Trinity of Passion: The Literary Left and the Antifascist Crusade. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
Yaudes, Cynthia Gwynne. “Working an Image: Radical Labor Newspapers and the American Tabloid Press, 1919–1922.” PhD dissertation, Indiana University, 2008.
Alternative and “Underground” Press/ LGBTQ+ Media
Armstrong, David. A Trumpet To Arms: Alternative Media in America. Los Angeles: Tarcher, 1981.
Bizot, Jean-Francois. Free Press: Underground & Alternative Publications, 1965-1975. New York: Universe, 2006.
Ellis, Donna Lloyd. “The Underground Press in America.” Journal of Popular Culture 5:1 (Summer 1971): 102-124.
Enszer, Julie R. “Night Heron Press and Lesbian Print Culture in North Carolina, 1976–1983.” Southern Cultures 21, no. 2 (2015): 43–56.
Francois-Bizot, Jean. Free Press: Underground and Alternative Publications, 1965-1975. New York: Universe Publishing, 2006.
Fountain Jr, Aaron G. “Building a Student Movement in Naptown: The Corn Cob Curtain Controversy, Free Speech, and 1960s and 1970s High School Activism in Indianapolis.” Indiana Magazine of History 114, no. 3 (2018): 202–237.
Gallo, Marcia M. Different Daughters: A History of the Daughters of Bilitis and the Rise of the Lesbian Rights Movement. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2006.
Goldstein, Richard. Reporting the Counterculture. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989. (Village Voice writer)
Gordon, Douglas E. “The Great Speckled Bird: Harassment of an Underground Newspaper.” Journalism Quarterly 56 (Summer 1979): 289-295.
Glessing, Robert J. The Underground Press in America. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1970.
Hume, Janice. “The Past as Persuader in The Great Speckled Bird.” Journalism History 41:4 (Winter 2016): 182-190.
Kaplan, Geoff. Power to the People: The Graphic Design of the Radical Press and the Rise of the Counterculture, 1964-1974. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.
Katzman, Allen, ed. Our Time: An Anthology of Interviews from the East Village Other. New York: Dial Press, 1972.
Kessler, Lauren. “Sixties Survivors: The Persistence of Countercultural Values in the Lives of Underground Journalists.” Journalism History 16:1/2 (Spring/Summer 1989): 2-11.
Kiska, Tim, Harvey Ovshinsky, and Peter Werbe. “There’s Something Happening Here: The Life and Times of the Fifth Estate.” Michigan Jewish History 56 (Fall 2016): 6-13. Detroit underground newspaper
Kline, Wendy. “Communicating a New Consciousness: Countercultural Print and the Home Birth Movement in the 1970s.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 89:3 (Fall 2015): 527-556.
Kramer, David Jacob. Heads Together: Weed and the Underground Press Syndicate, 1965-1973. Zurich: Edition Patrick Frey, 2023.
Leamer, Laurence. The Paper Revolutionaries: The Rise of the Underground Press. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972.
Lewes, J. “The Underground Press in America (1964-1968): Outlining an Alternative, The Envisioning of an Underground.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 24:2 (October 2000): 379-400.
Lewes, James Glyn. “Protest and Survive: An Analysis of the Influence and Effect of GI-Produced Underground Newspapers on the United States Armed Forces During the Vietnam War.” PhD dissertation, University of Iowa, 2000.
McMillian, John. Smoking Typewriters: The Sixties Underground Press and the Rise of Alternative Media in America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Martinek, Jason D. Socialism and Print Culture in America, 1897-1920. New York: Routledge, 2013.
Mount, Andre. “Grasp the Weapon of Culture: Radical Avant-Gardes and the Los Angeles Free Press.” Journal of Musicology32: 1 (Winter 2015): 115-152.
Nette, Andrew, and Iain McIntyre, eds. Sticking it To the Man: Revolution and Counterculture in Pulp and Popular Fiction. Oakland: PM Press, 2019.
Peck, Abe. Uncovering the Sixties: The Life and Times of the Underground Press. New York: Pantheon, 1985.
Perrotta, Katherine. “Ruffled Feathers: The Great Speckled Bird as a Record of Student and Youth Activism in Atlanta, Georgia, and the Southeast, 1968-1976.” American Educational History Journal 45:1 (2018): 39-54.
Rips, Geoffrey. Un-American Activities: The Campaign Against the Underground Press. San Francisco: PEN American Center, 1981.
Romano, Tricia. The Freaks Came Out to Write: The Definitive History of the Village Voice, the Radical Paper That Changed American Culture. New York: Public Affairs Press, 2024.
Satterwhite, Christopher. “The Gulf Coast Fish Cheer: Radicalism and the Underground Press in Pensacola, Florida, 1970-1971.” Florida Historical Quarterly 95:1 (Summer 2016): 71-107.
Smith, Gaye S. “The Underground Press in Los Angeles.” MA thesis, University of California-Los Angeles, 1968.
Slonecker, Blake. A New Dawn for the New Left: Liberation News Service, Montague Farm, and the Long Sixties. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
Slonecker, Blake. “‘It’s with Tokens’: Women’s Liberation and Toxic Masculinity in Seattle’s Underground Press.” Pacific Historical Review 89, no. 3 (2020): 402–432.
Stewart, Sean. On the Ground: An Illustrated Anecdotal History of the Sixties Underground Press in the U.S. Oakland: PM Press, 2012.
Streitmatter, Rodger. “The Advocate: Setting the Standard for the Gay Liberation Press.” Journalism History 19:3 (Autumn 1993): 93-102.
Streitmatter, Rodger. Unspeakable: The Rise of the Gay and Lesbian Underground Press. Boston: Faber & Faber, 1995.
Streitmatter, Rodger. “Creating a Venue for the Love That Dare Not Speak Its Name: The Origins of the Gay and Lesbian Press.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 72:2 (1995): 436-447.
Trigs, Teal. “Scissors and Glue: Punk Fanzines and the Creation of a DIY Aesthetic.” Journal of Design History 19:1 (Spring 2006): 69-83.
Wachsberger, Ken, ed. Voices from the Underground: Insider Histories of the Vietnam Era Underground Press, Part I. reprint edition. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2011.
Wachsberger, Ken, ed. Voices from the Underground: Insider Histories of the Vietnam Era Underground Press, Part II. reprint edition. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2012.
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