Freedom of Speech and Press
Constitutional History and Theory
Abrams, Floyd. Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment. New York: Viking Penguin Group, 2005.
Anastaplo, George. Reflections on Freedom of Speech and the First Amendment. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007.
Anderson, Alexis J. “The Formative Period of First Amendment Theory, 1870-1915.” American Journal of Legal History 24:1 (January 1980): 56-75.
Anderson, David A. “The Origins of the Press Clause.” UCLA Law Review 30 (1983): 455-541.
Applegate, Daniel A. “Stop the Presses: The Impact of Hosty v. Carter and Pitts v. Pappert on the Editorial Freedom of College Newspapers.” Case Western Reserve Law Review 56:1 (Fall 2005): 247-283.
Barth, Jonathan. “Liberty of Conscience is Every Man’s Natural Right: Historical Background of the First Amendment.” Journal of Policy History 35:4 (October 2023): 435-453.
Beasley, Maurine H. “Donna Allen and the Women’s Institute: A Feminist Perspective on the First Amendment.” American Journalism 9, no. 3–4 (1992): 154–66.
Bezanson, Randall P. How Free Can the Press Be? Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003.
Bezanson, Randall P. Too Much Free Speech? Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012.
Bird, Wendell. Press and Speech Under Assault: The Early Supreme Court Justices, the Sedition Act of 1798, and the Campaign against Dissent. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Blanchard, Margaret A. Exporting the First Amendment: The Press- Government Crusade of 1945-1952. New York: Longman, 1985.
Blanchard, Margaret A. “Beyond Original Intent: Exploring a Broader Meaning of Freedom of Expression.” Journalism History 14:1 (Spring 1987): 2-7.
Blanchard, Margaret A. Revolutionary Sparks: Freedom of Expression in Modern America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Blanks Hindman, Elizabeth. “First Amendment Theories and Press Responsibility: The Work of Zechariah Chafee, Thomas Emerson, Vincent Blasi and Edwin Baker.” Journalism Quarterly 69:1 (1992): 48-64.
Bollinger, Lee. Images of a Free Press. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Brenner, Daniel L., and William L. Rivers. Free but Regulated: Conflicting Traditions in Media Law. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1982.
Buel, Richard, Jr. “Freedom of the Press in Revolutionary America: The Evolution of Libertarianism, 1760-1820.” In Bailyn, Bernard, and John Hench, eds. The Press and the American Revolution. Worcester, MA.: American Antiquarian Society, 1976.
Cate, Irene M. Ten. “Speech, Truth, and Freedom: An Examination of John Stuart Mill’s and Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’s Free Speech Defenses.” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 22 (Winter 2010): 35–81.
Chaffee, Zachariah, Jr. Freedom of Speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich, 1920.
Chafee, Zechariah. Government and Mass Communications: A Report. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947.
Chamberlain, Bill F., and Charlene J. Brown, eds. The First Amendment Reconsidered. New York: Longman, 1982.
Cheney, William L. Freedom of the Press. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1949.
Cobb-Reiley, Linda. “Not an Empty Box with Beautiful Words on It: The First Amendment in Progressive Era Scholarship.” Journalism Quarterly 69 (1992): 37-47.
Collins, Ronald K.L., and David M. Skover. “What is War: Reflections on Free Speech in Wartime.” Rutgers Law Journal 36 (2005): 833+
Cook, Timothy E., ed. Freeing the Presses: The First Amendment in Action. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005.
Copeland, David. The Idea of a Free Press: The Enlightenment and Its Unruly Legacy. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2006.
Cortner, Richard C. The Kingfish and the Constitution: Huey Long, the First Amendment, and the Emergence of Modern Press Freedom in America. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1996.
Cronin, Mary M., ed. An Indispensable Liberty: The Fight for Free Speech in Nineteenth-Century America. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2016.*
Cross, Harold L. The People’s Right to Know. New York: Columbia University Press, 1953.
Curtis, Michael Kent. Free Speech, the Peoples’ Darling Privilege: Struggles for Freedom of Expression in American History. Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.
Easton, Eric B. “The Press as Constitutional Litigator: Shaping First Amendment Doctrine in the United States Supreme Court.” PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, 2011.
Easton, Eric B. Defending the Masses: A Progressive Lawyer’s Battles for Free Speech. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2018.
Eldridge, Larry D. A Distant Heritage: The Growth of Free Speech in Early America. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
Epps, Garrett, ed. Freedom of the Press: The First Amendment, its Constitutional History and the Contemporary Debate. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2008.
Feldman, Stephen M. Free Expression and Democracy in America: A History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
Foner, Eric. The Story of American Freedom. New York: W.W. Norton, 1998.
Gajda, Amy. “Judging Journalism: The Turn toward Privacy and Judicial Regulation of the Press.” California Law Review 97 (August 2009): 1039–1105.
Garnett, Richard W. “Less Is More: Justice Rehnquist, the Freedom of Speech, and Democracy.” in The Rehnquist Legacy, ed. Craig Bradley. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Gates, Paul H. Jr., and Bill F. Chamberlin. “Madison Misinterpreted: Historical Presentism Skews Scholarship.” American Journalism 13, no. 1 (1996): 38–47.
Gerald, J. Edward. The Press and the Constitution, 1931-1947. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1948.
Gleason, Timothy W. “Legal Advocacy and the First Amendment: Elisha Hanson’s Attempt to Create First Amendment Protection for the Business of the Press.” American Journalism 3 (1986): 195–206.
Gleason, Timothy W. “Nineteenth-Century Legal Practice and Freedom of the Press: An Introduction to an Unfamiliar Terrain.” Journalism History 14:1 (Spring 1987): 26-33.
Gleason, Timothy W. “Historians and Freedom of the Press Since 1800.” American Journalism 5 (1988): 230-248.
Halperin, Terri Diane. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Testing the Constitution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.
Haynes, Charles C., Sam Chaltain, and Susan M. Glisson. First Freedoms: A Documentary History of First Amendment Rights in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Healy, Thomas. The Great Dissent: How Oliver Wendell Holmes Changed his Mind- and Changed the History of Free Speech in America. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2013.
Hindman, Elizabeth B. “Supreme Court Conceptions of Press Responsibility, 1931 to 1991.” PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1994.
Hindman, Elizabeth Blanks. “First Amendment Theories and Press Responsibility: The Work of Zechariah Chafee, Thomas Emerson, Vincent Blasi and Edwin Baker.” Journalism Quarterly 69 (1992): 48-64.
Hochman, Steven H. “On the Liberty of the Press in Virginia: From Essay to Bludgeon 1798-1803.” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 84 (1976): 431-445.
Hudson, David L. Let the Students Speak: A History of the Fight for Free Expression in American Schools. Boston: Beacon Press, 2011.
Hughes, Frank L. Prejudice and the Press: A Restatement of the Principle of Freedom of the Press with Specific Reference to the Hutchins-Luce Commission. New York: Devin-Adair, 1950.
Hynes, Terry. “A Conversation with Leonard Levy.” Journalism History 7:3/4 (Autumn-Winter 1980): 96-103.
Ingelhart, Louis E. Press and Speech Freedoms in America, 1619-1995: A Chronology. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997.
Johnson, Donald. The Challenge to American Freedom. World War I and the Rise of the American Civil Liberties Union. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1963.
Johnson, Gerald White. Peril and Promise: An Inquiry into Freedom of the Press. New York: Harper, 1958.
Kalven, Jr., Harry. A Worthy Tradition: Freedom of Speech in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
Knudson, Jerry W. Jefferson and the Press: Crucible of Liberty. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2006.
Kutulas, Judy. The American Civil Liberties Union & the Making of Modern Liberalism, 1930–1960. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
Labrunski, Ricard. James Madison and the Struggle for the Bill of Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Labunski, Richard. Libel and the First Amendment: Legal History and Practice in Print and Broadcasting. New York: Routledge, 2017.
Levinson, Nan. Outspoken: Free Speech Stories. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
Levy, Leonard. The Emergence of a Free Press. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Levy, Leonard. Jefferson and Civil Liberties. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1989. (originally published in 1963)
Lewis, Anthony. Freedom for the Thought We Hate: A Biography of the First Amendment. New York: Basic Books, 2008.
Lidsky, Lurissa Barnett, and R. George Wright. Freedom of the Press: A Reference Guide to the United States Constitution. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2004.
Lofton, John. The Press as Guardian of the First Amendment. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1980.
Lynskey, Bill. “Reinventing the First Amendment in Wartime Philadelphia.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 131 (January 2007): 33–80.
Martin, Robert W. T. The Free and Open Press: The Founding of American Democratic Press Liberty, 1640-1800. New York: New York University Press, 2001.
Mathewson, Joe. “The Long and Strong Tradition of State Protection of Freedom of the Press” American Journalism 25:4 (Winter 2009): 81-112.
McLean, Deckle. “Justice White and the First Amendment.” Journalism Quarterly 56 (1979): 305-310.
McClellan, Grant S., ed. Censorship in the United States. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1967.
McIntyre, Jerilyn S. “Repositioning a Landmark: The Hutchins Commission and Freedom of the Press.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 4 (1987): 135-160.
McPherson, James B. “Crosses Before a Government Vampire: How Four Newspapers Addressed the First Amendment in Editorials, 1962–1991.” American Journalism 13, no. 3 (1996): 304–17.
Mellen, Roger P. “A Culture of Dissidence: The Emergence of Liberty of the Press in Pre-Revolutionary Virginia.” PhD dissertation, George Mason University, 2007.
Mellen, Roger P. “John Wilkes and the Constitutional Right to a Free Press in the United States.” Journalism History 41:1 (Spring 2015): 2-10.
Murphy, Paul L. The Shaping of the First Amendment, 1791 to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Nerone, John. Violence Against the Press: Policing the Public Sphere in U.S. History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
Neuborne, Burt. Madison’s Music: On Reading the First Amendment. New York: New Press, 2015.
Peters, John D. Courting the Abyss: Free Speech and the Liberal Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Pohlman, H.L. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: Free Speech and the Living Constitution. New York: New York University Press, 1991.
Powe, Lucas A., Jr. The Fourth Estate and the Constitution: Freedom of the Press in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
Ragan, Fred D. “Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Zechariah Chafee, Jr.” Journal of American History 58 (June 1971).
Rivera, Clark. “Ideals, Interests, and Civil Liberty: The Colonial Press and Freedom, 1735-76.” Quarterly 55 (Spring 1978): 45-53.
Russomanno, Joseph, ed. Defending the First: Commentary on First Amendment Issues and Cases. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005.
Scherr, Arthur. “Thomas Jefferson, the ‘Libertarian’ Jeffersonians of 1799, and Leonard W. Levy’s Freedom of the Press: A Reconsideration.” Journalism History 42:2 (Summer 2016): 58-69.
Shear, Kenneth. Unoriginal Misunderstanding: Press Freedom in Early America and Interpretation of the First Amendment. Seattle: Libertary, 2009.
Simon, James F. The Antagonists: Hugo Black, Felix Frankfurter, and Civil Liberties in Modern America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989.
Sloan, Wm. David. “Historians and Freedom of the Press, 1690-1801: Libertarian or Limited?” American Journalism 5 (1988), 159-177.
Smolla, Rodney A. Free Speech in an Open Society. New York: Knopf, 1992.
Stein, Laura. Speech Rights in America: The First Amendment, Democracy, and the Media. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006.
Stoker, Kevin. “The Journalist and the Juror: Political Adversaries Enlisted in ‘A Long Campaign on Behalf of Civil Liberties.” Journalism History 34:4 (Winter 2009): 216-229. Justice Frankfurter and Geoffrey Parsons of the NY Herald Tribune.
Stone, Geoffrey R. Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism. New York: Norton, 2004.
Stone, Geoffrey R. “The Hustler: Justice Rehnquist and ‘The Freedom of Speech, or of the Press.” in The Rehnquist Legacy, ed. Craig Bradley. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Teeter, Dwight L. “King’ Sears, the Mob, and Freedom of the Press in New York, 1765-1776.” Journalism Quarterly 41 (1964): 539-544.
Uhm, Kiyul. “The Founders and the Revolutionary Underpinning of the Concept of the Right to Know.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 85 (Summer 2008): 393–417.
Van Tuyll, Debra Reddin. “Protecting Press Freedom and Access to Government Information in Antebellum South Carolina.” Journalism History 43:4 (Winter 2018): 198-208.
Yalof, David A., and Kenneth Dautrich. The First Amendment and the Media in the Court of Public Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Walker, Stanley. In Defense of American Liberty: A History of the ACLU. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Weinrib, Laura. The Taming of Free Speech: America’s Civil Liberties Compromise. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017.
Seditious Libel and Political Expression
Anderson, David A. “Freedom of the Press in Wartime.” University of Colorado Law Review 77:1 (2006): 49–99.
Baldasty, Gerald J. “Toward and Understanding of the First Amendment: Boston Newspapers, 1782-1791.” Journalism History 3 (1976): 25-30, 32.
Bekken, Jon. “These Great and Dangerous Powers: Postal Censorship of the Press.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 15 (Winter 1991): 55-71.
Belknap, Michal R. Cold War Political Justice: The Smith Act, the Communist Party, and American Civil Liberties. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977.
Berns, Walter. “Freedom of the Press and the Alien and Sedition Acts: A Reappraisal.” Supreme Court Law Review. (1970): 109-159.
Blanchard, Margaret A. “Freedom of the Press in World War II: Historiographic Essay.” American Journalism 12 (Summer 1995): 342-358.
Bowles, Dorothy. “Newspaper Support for Free Expression in Times of Alarm, 1920 and 1940.” Journalism Quarterly 54 (Summer 1977): 271-279.
Burrowes, Carl Patrick. “Property, Power, and Press Freedom: Emergence of the Fourth Estate, 1640-1789.” Journalism and Mass Communication Monographs 13:1 (Spring 2011).
Capazzola, Christopher. “The Only Badge You Need is your Patriotic Fervor: Vigilance, Coercion, and the Law in World War I America.” Journal of American History 48 (March 2002): 1354-1382.
Carroll, Thomas F. “Freedom of Speech and of the Press in War Time: The Espionage Act.” Michigan Law Review 17: 8 (June 1919): 621-665.
Cobb-Reilly, Linda. “Aliens and Alien Ideas: The Suppression of Anarchists and the Anarchist Press in America, 1901-1914.” Journalism History 15:2/3 (Summer-Autumn 1988): 50-59.
Coben, Stanley. A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963.
Cogley, John. Report on Blacklisting. Vol 1: Movies, Vol 2: Radio-Television. New York: Fund for the Republic, 1956.
Cohen, Jeremy. “Absence of the First Amendment in Schenck vs. United States: A Reexamination.” American Journalism 2 (1985): 49–64.
Costa, Gregg. “John Marshall, the Sedition Act, and Free Speech in the Early Republic.” Texas Law Review 77 (March 1999): 1011-1047.
Dickerson, Donna Lee. The Course of Tolerance: Freedom of the Press in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Dickerson, Donna L. “From Suspension to Subvention: The Southern Press During Reconstruction, 1863–1870.” American Journalism 8, no. 4 (1991): 230–45.
Dowell, Eldridge F. A History of Criminal Syndicalism Legislation in the United States. New York: DaCapo, reprint of 1939 edition.
Engelman, Ralph, and Carey Shenkman. A Century of Repression: The Espionage Act and Freedom of the Press. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2022.
Freeberg, Ernest. Democracy’s Prisoner: Eugene V. Debs, the Great War, and the Right to Dissent. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
Fried, Richard. Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Gladchuk, John Joseph. “Reticent Reds: HUAC, Hollywood, and the Evolution of the Red Menace, 1935-1950.” PhD dissertation, University of California- Riverside, 2006.
Glende, Philip M. “Victor Berger’s Dangerous Ideas: Censoring the Mail to Preserve National Security during World War I.” Essays in Economic and Business History 26 (2008): 5–20.
Goldstein, Robert Justin. American Blacklist: The Attorney General’s List of Subversive Organizations. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2008.
Goldstein, Robert Justin. American Blacklist: The Attorney General’s List of Subversive Organizations. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2008.
Goodall, Alex. Loyalty and Liberty: American Counter-subversion From World War I to the McCarthy Era. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2013.
Harris, Robert J. “The Impact of the Cold War on Civil Liberties.” Journal of Politics 18:1 (February 1956): 3-16.
Haverty-Stacke, Donna T. Trotskyists on Trial: Free Speech and Political Persecution Since the Age of FDR. New York: NYU Press, 2016.
Jaffe, Julian F. Crusade Against Radicalism. Port Washington: Kennikat Press, 1975.
Jensen, Joan M. The Price of Vigilance. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1968. (patriotic citizens groups)
Kutler, Stanley I. The American Inquisition: Justice and Injustice in the Cold War. New York: Hill & Wang, 1982.
Lawrence, Thomas A. “Eclipse of Liberty: Civil Liberties and the United States During the First World War.” Wayne Law Review 21 (1974): 33-112.
Lehman, Forrest K. “‘Seditious Libel’ on Trial, Political Dissent on the Record: An Account of the Trial of Thomas Cooper as Campaign Literature.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 132 (April 2008): 117–39.
Leidholdt, Alexander Stewart. “Dancing With Two Cork Legs: The American Post Office’s Stumbling Surveillance of the Foreign-Language Press During World War I.” Journalism History 46:3 (2020): 227-247.
Lendler, Marc. Gitlow v. New York: Every Idea an Incitement. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2012.
Levy, Leonard. “Did the Zenger Case Really Matter? Freedom of the Press in Colonial New York.” William and Mary Quarterly 17:1 (January 1960): 35-50.
Lichtman, Robert M. The Supreme Court and McCarthy-Era Repression: One Hundred Decisions. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012.
Luff, Jennifer. Commonsense Anticommunism: Labor and Civil Liberties Between the World Wars. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
Lynch, Shawn Michael. “‘In defense of true Americanism’: The Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts and Radical Free Speech, 1915–1945.” PhD dissertation, Boston College, 2006.
Lynskey, Bill. “Reinventing the First Amendment in Wartime Philadelphia.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 131:1 (January 2007): 33-80.
Lynskey, Bill. “‘I Shall Speak in Philadelphia’: Emma Goldman and the Free Speech League.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 133 (April 2009): 167–202.
Mann, Robert. Wartime Dissent in America: A History and Anthology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
May, Matthew S. Soapbox Rebellion: The Hobo Orators Union and the Free Speech Fights of the Industrial Workers of the World, 1909-1916. Tuscaloosa: University Press of Alabama, 2013.
Miller, John C. Crisis in Freedom: The Alien and Sedition Acts. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.
Mulcrone, Mick. “Those Miserable Little Hounds: World War I Postal Censorship of the Irish World.” Journalism History20:1 (Spring 1994): 15-24.
Murphy, Paul J. The Meaning of Freedom of Speech: First Amendment Freedoms from Wilson to FDR. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1972.
Murphy, Paul J. World War I and the Origin of Civil Liberties in the United States. New York: W.W. Norton, 1979.
Nelson, Harold L. “Seditious Libel in Colonial America.” American Journal of Legal History 3 (April 1959): 160-172.
Olson, Alison. “The Zenger Case Revisited: Satire, Sedition, and Political Debate in Eighteenth Century America.” Early American Literature 35:3 (2000): 223-245.
Parramore, James R. “State Constitutions and the Press: Historical Context and Resurgence of a Libertarian Tradition.” Journalism Quarterly 69 (1992): 105-123.
Paxton, Mark. Censorship. Westport: Greenwood, 2008.
Pember, Don R. “The Smith Act as a Restraint on the Press.” Journalism Monographs 10 ( May 1969).
Polenberg, Richard. Fighting Faiths: The Abrams Case, the Supreme Court and Free Speech. New York: Viking Press, 1987.
Preston, William. Aliens and Dissenters: Federal Suppression of Radicals, 1903-1933, second edition. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
Rabban, David M. “The Ahistorical Historian: Leonard Levy on Freedom of Expression in Early American History.” Stanford Law Review 37 (February 1985).
Rabban, David M. Free Speech in its Forgotten Years. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Ragan, Fred D. “Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., Zechariah Chafee, Jr. and the Clear and Present Danger Test for Free Speech: The First Year, 1919.” Journal of American History 58, no.1 (June 1971): 24-45.
Rivera, Clark. “Ideals, Interests, and Civil Liberty: The Colonial Press and Freedom, 1735-1776.” Journalism Quarterly 55 (1978): 48-53, 124.
Robins, Natalie. Alien Ink: The FBI’s War on Freedom of Expression. New York: William Morrow, 1992.
Sayer, John. “Art and Politics, Dissent and Repression: The Masses Magazine Versus the Government, 1917-1918.” American Journal of Legal History 32 (January 1988): 42-78.
Scheiber, Harry N. The Wilson Administration and Civil Liberties. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1960.
Schrecker, Ellen. Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America. Boston: Little, Brown, 1998.
Sheft, Mark A. “The End of the Smith Act Era: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Scales v. United States.” American Journal of Legal History 36 (April 1992): 164-202.
Sloan, Wm. David. “The Party Press and Freedom of the Press, 1798–1808.” American Journalism 4 (1987): 82–96.
Smith, Craig R., ed. Silencing the Opposition: Government Strategies of Suppression of Freedom of Expression. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
Smith, Craig R., ed. Silencing the Opposition: How the U.S. Government Suppressed Freedom of Expression During Major Crises. 2ed. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2011.
Smith, James Morton. Freedom’s Fetters: The Alien and Sedition Law and American Civil Liberties. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1956.
Smith, Jeffery A. Printers and Press Freedom: The Ideology of Early American Press Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Smith, Jeffery A. War and Press Freedom: The Problem of Prerogative Power. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Stauffer, Samuel A. Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties. New York: Doubleday, 1955.
Steele, Richard W. Free Speech in the Good War. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.
Stoker, Kevin. “The Journalist and the Jurist: Political Adversaries Enlisted in a Long Campaign on behalf of Civil Liberties.” Journalism History 34:4 (Winter 2009): 216-229. Felix Frankfurter and Geoffrey Parsons (NY Herald Tribune)
Theoharis, Athan. “The FBI, the Roosevelt Administration, and the ‘Subversive’ Press.” Journalism History 19:1 (Spring 1993): 3-10.
Thomas, William H., Jr. Unsafe for Democracy: World War I and the U.S. Justice Department’s Covert Campaign to Suppress Dissent. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008.
Tushnet, Mark, ed. The Constitution in Wartime: Beyond Alarmism and Complacency. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.
Walker, Samuel. In Defense of Liberty: A History of the ACLU. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Ward, Kenneth, and Aimee Edmondson. “The Espionage Conviction of Kansas City Editor Jacob Frohwerk: ‘A Clear and Present Danger’ to the United States.” Journal of Media Law & Ethics 6: 1/2 (Summer/Fall 2017): 39-56.
Work, Clemens P. Darkest Before Dawn: Sedition and Free Speech in the American West. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005.
Work, Clemens P. “‘Good Night with the Stars and Stripes, Army, Navy, and Mister Damned Wilson’: Montana’s Central Role in the Repression—and Eventual Recognition—of Free Speech.” Montana 55 (Winter 2005): 16–35.
Young, Ralph. Dissent: The History of an American Idea. New York: New York University Press, 2015.
Obscenity, Sexuality, and Morality
Alexander, James R. “Roth at Fifty: Reconsidering the Common Law Antecedents of American Obscenity Doctrine.” John Marshall Law Review 41 (Winter 2008): 393–434.
Allen, Robert C. Horrible Prettiness: Burlesque and American Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.
Bailey, Martha J. “‘Momma’s Got the Pill’: How Anthony Comstock and Griswold v. Connecticut Shaped U.S. Childbearing.” American Economic Review 100 (March 2010): 98–129.
Bates, Anna Louise. Weeder in the Garden of the Lord: Anthony Comstock’s Life and Career. New York: University Press of America, 1995.
Beisel, Nocal Kay. Imperiled Innocents: Anthony Comstock and Family Reproduction in Victorian America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Bekken, Jon. “These Great and Dangerous Powers: Postal Censorship of the Press.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 15 (Winter 1991): 55-71.
Bezanson, Randall P. Art and Freedom of Speech. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
Blanchard, Margaret A., and John E Semonche. “Anthony Comstock and his Adversaries: The Mixed Legacy of this Battle for Free Speech.” Communication Law and Policy 11 (Fall 2006): 317-366.
Blecha, Peter. Taboo Tunes: A History of Banned Bands and Censored Songs. San Francisco: Backbeat Books, 2004.
Boyer, Paul S. Purity in Print: Book Censorship in America. rev. ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
Brodie, Janet F. Conception and Abortion in 19th Century America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Bronstein, Carolyn. Battling Pornography: The American Feminist Anti-Pornography Movement, 1976-1986. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Broun, Heywood, and Margaret Leech. Anthony Comstock: Roundsman of the Lord. New York: Boni, 1927.
Cadegan, Una M. “Guardians of Democracy or Cultural Storm Troopers? American Catholics and the Control of Popular Media, 1934-1966.” Catholic Historical Review 87:2 (April 2001): 252-282.
Cadegan, Una M. All Good Books are Catholic Books: Print Culture, Censorship, and Modernity in Twentieth-Century America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2013.
Charles, Douglas M. The FBI’s Obscene File: J. Edgar Hoover and the Bureau’s Crusade against Smut. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2012.
Childs, Elizabeth C., ed. Suspended License: Censorship and the Visual Arts. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997.
Craig, John M. “The Sex Side of Life: The Obscenity Case of Mary Ware Dennett.” Frontiers 15:3 (1995): 145-166. (birth control information)
Cronin, Mary M. “The Liberty to Argue Freely: Nineteenth Century Obscenity Prosecutions and the Emergence of Modern Libertarian Free Speech Discourse.” Journalism and Mass Communication Monographs 8:3 (Autumn 2006): 164-219.
Daniels, Walter M., ed. The Censorship of Books. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1954.
de Grazia, Edward. Censorship Landmarks. New York: Bowker, 1969.
de Grazia, Edward. Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law of Obscenity and the Assault on Genius. New York: Random House, 1992.
Dennis, Donna I. “Obscenity Law and Its Consequences in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America.” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 16 (no. 1, 2007): 43–95.
Dennis, Donna. Licentious Gotham: Erotic Publishing and Its Prosecution in Nineteenth-Century New York. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
Downs, Robert B., ed. The First Freedom: Liberty and Justice in the World of Books and Reading. Chicago: American Library Association, 1960.
Ellis, Richard. “Disseminating Desire: Grove Press and ‘the End(s) of Obscenity’,” in Perspectives on Pornography: Sexuality in Film and Literature, Gary Day and Clive Bloom, eds. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988.
Ernst, Morris, and William Seagle. To the Pure: A Study of Obscenity and the Censor. New York: Viking, 1928.
Ernst, Morris, and Alexander Lindey. The Censor Marches On: Recent Milestones in the Administration of Obscenity Law in the United States. New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1940.
Ernst, Morris, and Pare Lorentz. Censored, or the Private Life of the Movie. New York: Cape & Smith, 1930.
Ernst, Morris L., and Alan U. Schwartz. Censorship: The Search for the Obscene. New York: Macmillan, 1964.
Fleishman, Stanley. The Supreme Court Obscenity Decisions. San Diego: Greenleaf Classic, 1973.
Forster, Chris. Filthy Material: Modernism and the Media of Obscenity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Foster, Gaines M. Moral Reconstruction: Christian Lobbyists and the Federal Legislation of Morality, 1865-1920. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
Fowler, Dorothy G. Unmailable: Congress and the Post Office. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1977.
Freyer, Peter. The Birth Controllers. New York: Stein and Day, 1966.
Friedman, Andrea. “The Habits of Sex-Crazed Perverts’: Campaigns Against Burlesque in Depression-Era New York City.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 7:2 (October 1996): 203-238.
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