Chemistry 448 Course Page
The files listed below are in PDF format. They can be viewed using Adobe Acrobat Reader. University computers have Acrobat Reader already installed and you may print them out at any university computing center.
Although the notes below have been proofread, there may well be mistakes in them. I would appreciate it if you would let me know when you find mistakes. Please let me know either by telephone (x6486) or email (castella@marshall.edu). There is a date at the end of each chapter’s notes. When substantive corrections are made, that date will be changed so you know how current is the posted version. Finally, the notes are a work in progress. For that reason, when you click on a link you may get an error message. In all likelihood, it means that those notes haven’t been posted yet.
The study hints provided were written for Chemistry 211, but many of the suggestions apply to this course as well.
General Information
Lecture Notes
Handouts
Old Tests
Interesting Links
Movable pictures of allotropes of carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus are available. To view the figures on this page you must first install the program Chime® from MDL (Molecular Design Limited). This program will allow you to see and manipulate computer generated images of molecules presented in the following links. You will have to register with MDL, then can down load the Chime program (from a pulldown list). Close your browser, double click the icon and the software will install itself. This software will allow you to view and move the molecules. Placing the cursor over the molecule and holding the left button down and moving will turn the molecule. Holding the left button down with the shift key and dragging will resize the molecule. Right clicking over the molecule generate a pull down menu to change the appearance of the molecule.
WebElements is website devoted to the periodic table. It provides information about the physical properties, history, and reactivity of all of the elements. In some cases, there are movies for downloading that show aspects of the reactivity of the element or one of its compounds. The site also contains interesting chemistry trivia (e.g. the origin of the names of elements). Finally, there are some excellent graphics for comparing the physical properties of all elements collectively.
The Los Almos Laboratory Periodic Table has some nice information about the elements and is relatively easy to read.
Dean Johnston’s Symmetry Tutorial is a fantastic way of visualizing symmetry operations if you’re having any trouble with this. It not only goes through each of the symmetry operations, but graphically shows how they work and provides some sample molecules. There is also a link on the side that provides pictures of a number of the crystalline solids that you need to be able to recognize. To view the figures on these pages you must first install the program Chime® from MDL (Molecular Design Limited).
The Orbitron by Mark Winter at the Univesity of Sheffield (also the creater of WebElements) shows images of the different orbitals at various energy levels (e.g. 1s, 2s, 3s, …) as well as molecular orbitals. Animations of orbital formation are also included.
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