{"id":286,"date":"2021-09-18T17:03:56","date_gmt":"2021-09-18T17:03:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/sites\/masscommhistorybibliography\/?page_id=286"},"modified":"2025-08-17T19:48:21","modified_gmt":"2025-08-17T19:48:21","slug":"gender-and-consumer-culture","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/gender-and-consumer-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"Gender and Consumer Culture"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/advertising-history-in-the-united-states-a-bibliographic-reference\/\">Advertising Index Page<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adkins Covert,&nbsp;Tawnya&nbsp;J.&nbsp;<em>Manipulating Images: World War II Mobilization of Women through Magazine Advertising.<\/em>&nbsp;Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alexander, Eleanor. \u201cWoman\u2019s Place is in the Tea Room: White Middle-Class American Women as Entrepreneurs and Customers.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of American Culture<\/em>&nbsp;32:2 (2009): 126-136.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Altman, Karen E.&nbsp; \u201cTelevision as Gendered Technology: Advertising the American Television Set.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Popular Film and Television<\/em>&nbsp;17:2 (Summer 1989): 46-56.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Banta, Martha.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Imaging American Women<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barthel, Dianne.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Putting on Appearances: Gender and Advertising<\/em>.&nbsp; Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beecher, Mary Anne.&nbsp; &#8220;Building for Mrs. Farmer: Published Farmhouse Designs and the Role of the Rural Female Consumer, 1900-1930.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Agricultural History&nbsp;<\/em>73 (Spring 1999): 252-262.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Behling, Laura L.&nbsp; &#8220;The Woman at the Wheel: Marketing Ideal Womanhood, 1915-1934.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of American Culture<\/em>&nbsp;20:3 (1997): 13-30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Behling, Laura. L. &#8220;Fisher&#8217;s Bodies: Automobile Advertisements and the Framing of Modern American Female Identity.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>The Centennial Review<\/em>&nbsp;41:3 (1997): 515-529.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Belkaoui,\u00a0Ahmen, and Janice M.\u00a0Belkaoui.\u00a0 \u201cA Comparative Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Print Advertisements: 1958, 1970, 1972.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<em>Journal of Marketing Research<\/em>\u00a013:2 (May 1976): 168-172.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bix, Amy Sue. &#8220;Equipped for Life: Gendered Technical Training and Consumerism in Home Economics, 1920-1980.&#8221;\u202f<em>Technology and Culture<\/em>\u202f43, no. 4 (2002): 728-754.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bizri, Zayna N. \u201cRecruiting Women Into the World War II Military: The Office of War Information, Advertising, and Gender.\u201d PhD dissertation, George Mason University, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bogardus, Ralph F.&nbsp; &#8220;Tea Wars: Advertising Photography and Ideology in the Ladies&#8217; Home Journal.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Prospects<\/em>&nbsp;16 (1991): 299-322.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Breazeale,&nbsp;Kenon.&nbsp; &#8220;In Spite of Women: Esquire Magazine and the Construction of the Male Consumer.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Signs<\/em>&nbsp;20 (Autumn&nbsp;1994): 1-22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brewer, Priscilla K.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>From Fireplace to&nbsp;Cookstove: Technology and the Domestic Identity<\/em>.&nbsp; Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brockmole, Jessica A.&nbsp;<em>Pink Cars and Pocketbooks: How American Women Bought Their Way into the Driver\u2019s Seat<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Budgeon, Shelley, and Dawn H. Currie.&nbsp; \u201cFrom Feminism to Post-Feminism: Women\u2019s Liberation in Fashion Magazines.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Women\u2019s Studies International Forum<\/em>&nbsp;18:2 (1995): 173-186.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bufalino, Jamie Mayhew. \u201cReinventing the Body Politic: Women, Consumer Culture, and the Civic Identity from Suffrage to the New Deal.\u201d&nbsp; PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burt, Elizabeth V.&nbsp; \u201cFrom \u2018True Woman\u2019 to \u2018New Woman\u2019: An Analysis of the Lydia Pinkham \u2018Animated Ads\u2019 of 1890.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;37:4 (Winter 2012): 190-206.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chuppa-Cornell, Kim. \u201cFilling a Vacuum: Women\u2019s Health Information in Good Housekeeping\u2019s Articles and Advertisements, 1920\u20131965.\u201d&nbsp;<em>The Historian<\/em>&nbsp;67, no. 3 (2005): 454\u2013473.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cieply, Stefan&nbsp;Konstantyn, \u201cThe Lineaments of Personality: \u2018Esquire\u2019 and the Problem of the Male Consumer\u201d (University of Maryland, College Park, 2006).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cieply, Stefan K. &nbsp;\u201cThe Uncommon Man:&nbsp;Esquire&nbsp;and the Problem of the North American Male Consumer, 1957\u20136.3\u201d&nbsp;<em>Gender &amp; History<\/em>&nbsp;22 (April 2010): 151\u2013168.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clair, Blanche, and Dorothy&nbsp;Dignam.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Advertising Careers for Women<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Harper and Brothers, 1939.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cook, Daniel Thomas.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Moral Project of Childhood: Motherhood, Material Life, and Early Children\u2019s Consumer Culture<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: NYU Press, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cook, Sylvia Jenkins. \u201c\u2018Oh Dear! How the Factory Girls Do Rig Up!\u2019:&nbsp;Lowell\u2019s Self-Fashioning Workingwomen.\u201d&nbsp;<em>New England Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;83 (June 2010): 219\u2013249.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Courtney, Alice E., and Sarah&nbsp;Wernick&nbsp;Lockeretz.&nbsp; \u201cA Woman\u2019s Place: An Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Magazine Advertisements.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Marketing Research<\/em>&nbsp;8:1 (February 1971): 92-95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cox, Nicole C. \u201cSelling Seduction: Women and Feminine Nature in 1920s Florida Advertising.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Florida Historical Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;89 (Fall 2010): 186\u2013209.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cowan, Ruth Schwartz.&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technologies from the Open Hearth to the Microwave.&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Basic Books, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Davis, Simone W.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Living Up to the Ads: Genders Fictions of the 1920s<\/em>.&nbsp; Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De&nbsp;Grazia, Victoria, and Ellen Furlough, eds.,&nbsp;<em>The<\/em><em>&nbsp;Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective.&nbsp;<\/em>Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deutsch, Tracey. &nbsp;<em>Building a Housewife\u2019s Paradise: Gender, Politics, and American Grocery Stores in the Twentieth Century<\/em>.&nbsp; Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dominick, Joseph R.&nbsp;and Gail E. Rauch. \u201cThe Image of Women in Network TV Commercials.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Broadcasting<\/em>&nbsp;16:3 (1972): 259-265.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Donohue, Kathleen G.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cWhat Gender is the Consumer? The Role of Gender Connotations in Defining the Political.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of American Studies<\/em>&nbsp;33:1 (April 1999): 19-44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Epstein, Pamela&nbsp;Ilyse. \u201cSelling Love: The Commercialization of Intimacy in America, 1860s\u20131900s.\u201d&nbsp; PhD dissertation, Rutgers University, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ewen, Elizabeth.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars.&nbsp; Life and Culture on the Lower East Side, 1890-1925<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Monthly Review Press, 1985.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ferguson, Jill Hicks, Peggy J. Kreshel, and Spencer F. Tinkham. &#8220;In the Pages of <em>Ms<\/em>.: Sex Role Portrayals of Women in Advertising.&#8221; <em>Journal of Advertising<\/em> 19:1 (1990): 40-51.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finnegan, Margaret.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Selling Suffrage: Consumer Culture and Votes for Women.&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fizer, Natalie, and Glenn&nbsp;Forley. \u201cAdvertising Gentility: Ovals and Mass Market Women\u2019s Magazines, 1910\u20131960,\u201d in&nbsp;<em>Re-creating the American Past: Essays on the Colonial Revival<\/em>, ed. Richard Guy Wilson, Shaun&nbsp;Eyring, and Kenny&nbsp;Marotta, 336\u201350. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fox, Bonnie J.&nbsp; &#8220;Selling the Mechanized Household: Seventy Years of Ads in the Ladies&#8217; Home Journal.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Gender and Society<\/em>&nbsp;4 (March 1990): 25-40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Francois, Samantha Y.&nbsp; &#8220;Girls with Influence: Selling Consumerism to Teenage Girls, 1940-1960.&#8221;&nbsp; PhD dissertation, University of California-Davis, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fraterrigo, Elizabeth.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Happy Housewife Heroine and the Sexual Sell: Legacies of Betty Friedan\u2019s Critique of the Image of Women.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Frontiers<\/em>&nbsp;36:2 (2015): 33-40.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fraterrigo, Elizabeth. &#8220;Betty Friedan\u2019s \u2018Monsters in the Kitchen\u2019: Women Watching Television in the 1960s.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Women&#8217;s History<\/em>&nbsp;37, no. 2 (2025): 93-114.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frederick, Christine&nbsp;McGaffey.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Selling Mrs. Consumer<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Bourse, 1929.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garvey, Ellen Gruber. \u201cReframing the Bicycle: Advertising-Supported Magazines and Scorching Women.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;47, no. 1 (1995): 66\u2013101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garvey, Ellen Gruber.&nbsp;<em>Adman in the Parlor: Magazines and the Gendering of Consumer Culture.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gerl, Ellen J., and Craig L. Davis.&nbsp; \u201cSelling Detroit on Women: Women\u2019s Day and Auto Advertising, 1964-82.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;38:4 (Winter 2013): 209-220.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ghilani, Jessica.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cGlamour-izing Military Service: Army Recruitment for Women in Vietnam-Era Advertisements.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;34:2 (Spring 2017): 201-228.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gidlow,&nbsp;Liette.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Big Vote: Gender, Consumer Culture, and the Politics of Exclusion, 1890s- 1920s<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gidlow,&nbsp;Liette.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Deeper Meaning of Tupperware: Consumer Culture and the American Home.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Women\u2019s History<\/em>&nbsp;24:3 (Fall 2012): 195-203.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gilbert, James.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Men in the Middle: Searching for Masculinity in the 1950s<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goffman, Erving.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Gender Advertisements<\/em>.&nbsp; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goffman, Erving.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cGender Advertisements.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Studies in Visual Communication<\/em>&nbsp;3:2 (Fall 1976.&nbsp;&nbsp;Special full issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goggin, Maureen Daly, and Beth Fowkes Tobin, eds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Women and Things, 1750-1950:<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Gendered Material Strategies<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Routledge, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goldstein, Carolyn M.&nbsp; &#8220;Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumption, 1900-1940.&#8221;&nbsp; PhD dissertation, University of Delaware, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goldstein, Carolyn M.&nbsp; &#8220;Part of the Package: Home Economists in the Consumer Products Industries, 1920-1940.&#8221; in&nbsp;<em>Rethinking Home Economics: Women and the History of a Profession<\/em>, edited by Sara Stage and Virginia&nbsp;Vincenti.&nbsp; Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gordon, Sarah.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Make it&nbsp;Yourself: Home Sewing, Gender, and Culture, 1890-1930<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gottschall, William Peter, Jr.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cImaging Men, Masculinity, and Fatherhood in Magazine Advertising: Ideological and Hegemonic Constructions of Masculinity and Fatherhood in Magazine Advertising (1960\u20132000).\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;PhD dissertation, Carleton University, Canada, 2008.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guadagnolo, Dan. \u201cA Superb Example of the Common Man: J.C. Leyendecker and the Staging of Male Consumer Desire in American Commercial Illustration, 1907-1931.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Studies<\/em>&nbsp;58:4 (2019): 5-32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guarneri, Julia. \u201c\u2018The Melancholy of Women\u2019s Pages\u2019: Readers, Features, and the Rise of Ad-Sponsored Media.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Modern American History<\/em>&nbsp;8, no. 1 (2025): 1\u201326.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harrington-Lueker, Donna.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cFinding a Market for Suffrage: Advertising and&nbsp;<em>The Revolution<\/em>, 1868-70.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;33:3 (Fall 2007): 130-139.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Henthorn, Cynthia L.&nbsp; &#8220;Commercial Fallout: The Image of Progress, the Culture of War, and the Feminine Consumer, 1939-1959.&#8221; Ph.D. dissertation, City University of New York, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Higley, Merle.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Women in Advertising in New York Agencies<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: YWCA, 1924.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hill, Daniel Delis.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Advertising to the American Woman, 1900-1999<\/em>.&nbsp; Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Horowitz, Roger and Arwen&nbsp;Mohun, eds.,<em>&nbsp;His and Hers: Gender, Consumption, and Technology.&nbsp;<\/em>Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1998.*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Horowitz, Roger,&nbsp;ed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Boys and Their Toys: Masculinity, Class, and Technology in America<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Routledge, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Howard, Vicki Jo.&nbsp; &#8220;American Weddings: Gender, Consumption, and the Business of Brides.&#8221;&nbsp; PhD dissertation, University of Texas, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Howard, Vicki.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cA \u2018Real Man\u2019s Ring\u2019: Gender and the Invention of Tradition.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Social History<\/em>&nbsp;36:4 (Summer 2003): 837-856.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inness, Sherrie A.,&nbsp;ed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Kitchen Culture in America: Popular Representations of Food, Gender, and Race<\/em>.&nbsp; Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jacobson, Lisa S.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cRaising Consumers: Children, Childrearing, and the American Mass Market, 1890-1940.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;PhD dissertation, University of California- Los Angeles, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jacobson, Lisa. &#8220;Manly Boys and Enterprising Dreamers: Business Ideology and the Construction of the Boy Consumer, 1910-1930.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Enterprise and Society<\/em>&nbsp;2 (June 2001): 225-258.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jacobson, Lisa.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cFashion, Feminism, and the Pleasures and Perils of Consumer Fantasy.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Women\u2019s History<\/em>&nbsp;22:1 (April 2010): 178-187.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jobling, Paul.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Man Appeal: Advertising, Modernism and Men\u2019s Wear<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Berg, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Johnson, David K.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cPhysique Pioneers: The Politics of 1960s Gay Consumer Culture.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Social History<\/em>&nbsp;43:4 (Summer 2010): 867-892.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Johnson, David K.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Buying Gay: How Physique Entrepreneurs Sparked a Movement<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Columbia University Press, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Johnson, Emily. \u201cWho Would Know Better Than the Girls in White? Nurses as Experts in Postwar Magazine Advertising.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Nursing History Review<\/em>&nbsp;20 (2012): 46-71.<br><br>Johnson, Val Marie. \u201c\u2018Look for the Moral and Sex Sides of the Problem\u2019: Investigating Jewishness, Desire, and Discipline at Macy\u2019s Department Store, New York City, 1913.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of the History of Sexuality<\/em>18 (September 2009): 457\u2013485.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kervin, Denise. \u201cAdvertising Masculinity: The Representation of Males in&nbsp;<em>Esquire<\/em>&nbsp;Advertisements.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Communication Inquiry<\/em>&nbsp;14:1 (1990): 51-70.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kline, Ronald R.&nbsp; &#8220;Ideology and Social Surveys: Reinterpreting the Effects of &#8216;Laborsaving&#8217; Technology on American Farm Women.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Technology and Culture<\/em>&nbsp;38:2 (1997): 355-385.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kreydatus, Elizabeth A.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cMarketing to the \u2018Liberated\u2019 Woman: Feminism, Social Change, and Beauty Culture, 1960\u20132000.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;PhD dissertation, College of William and Mary, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuzma-Markowska, Sylwia.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cAmerican Through Innovation: Polish American Women, Domestic Appliances, and the Household Revolution Debate, 1900-1940.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Technology and Culture&nbsp;<\/em>66:1 (January 2025): 161-184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leach, William R.&nbsp; &#8220;Transformation in a Culture of Consumption: Women and Department Stores, 1890-1925.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of American History<\/em>&nbsp;71:2 (September 1984): 319-342.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This essay explores the emergence of a culture of consumption in American society and its effects on women.&nbsp; As Leach argues, this new culture had a &#8220;transformative effect&#8221; on women.&nbsp; Without attempting to overlook lingering oppression or the manipulative aspects of consumerism, Leach finds that&nbsp; women&nbsp;during this period increasingly found work outside the home and asserted a new level of independence.&nbsp; The new consumer culture offered new freedom from self-denial and repression; the department store itself became a place where women could meet outside of the home and interact in a new way.&nbsp; Moreover, most of the workers in department stores were female, which gave many women the freedom that comes through earning power. Leach discusses efforts made by store managers to attract women customers and make them feel comfortable.&nbsp; Shopping became for some a form of recreation rather than a tedious chore.&nbsp; The overall effect, according to the essay, was to allow women a greater opportunity to carve out a public space for themselves, which was one part of the broader movement toward equality.&nbsp; Scholars who focus too intently on the negative and manipulative aspects of increased consumerism and, Leach acknowledges, tend to overlook positive elements that really did empower women in important ways.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leavitt, Sarah A.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>From Catherine Beecher to Martha Stewart: A Cultural History of Domestic Advice<\/em>.&nbsp; Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lebovic, Anna. \u201cHow to Be in Fashion and Stay an Individual: American&nbsp;<em>Vogue<\/em>, the Origins of Second Wave Feminism, and Mass Culture Criticism in 1950s America.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Gender &amp; History&nbsp;<\/em>31:1 (March 2019): 178-194.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lemus, Cheryl.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cSave Your Baby, Save Ten Percent.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Women\u2019s History<\/em>&nbsp;25:3 (Fall 2013): 165-187.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lerman, Nina E., Ruth&nbsp;Odenziel, and Arwen P.&nbsp;Mohun,&nbsp;eds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Gender and Technology: A Reader<\/em>.&nbsp; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Levine, Susan.&nbsp; &#8220;Workers&#8217; Wives: Gender, Class, and Consumerism in the 1920s United States.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Gender and History<\/em>&nbsp;3 (Spring 1991): 45-64.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lewis, Charles, and John Neville.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cImages of Rosie: A Content Analysis of Women Workers in American Magazine Advertising, 1940-1946.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism and Mass Communications Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;72:1 (1995): 216-227.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Loeb, Lori Anne.&nbsp;<em>Consuming Angels: Advertising and Victorian Women.&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lubar, Steven.&nbsp; &#8220;Men\/Women\/Production\/Consumption&#8221; in&nbsp;<em>His and Hers: Gender, Consumption, and Technology<\/em>, Roger Horowitz and Arwen&nbsp;Mohun,&nbsp;eds.&nbsp; Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lundstrom, William J., and Donald&nbsp;Sciglimpaglia.&nbsp; \u201cSex Role Portrayals in Advertising.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Marketing<\/em>&nbsp;41:3 (July 1977): 72-76.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lupton, Ellen.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Mechanical Brides: Women and Machines from Home to Office<\/em>.&nbsp; Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lyth, Peter. \u201c\u2018Think of Her as Your Mother\u2019: Airline Advertising and the Stewardess in America, 1930\u20131980.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Transport History<\/em>&nbsp;30 (June 2009): 1\u201321.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mandziuk, Roseann M. \u201c\u2018Ending Women\u2019s Greatest Hygienic Mistake\u2019: Modernity and the Mortification of Menstruation in Kotex Advertising, 1921\u20131926.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Women\u2019s Studies Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;38 (Fall\u2013Winter 2010): 42-62 &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manko, Katina Lee. \u201cDing Dong, Avon Calling: Gender, Business, and Door-to-Door Selling, 1890-1955.\u201d PhD dissertation, University of Delaware, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marine-Street, Natalie Jean. \u201cAgents Wanted: Sales, Gender, and the Making of Consumer Markets in America, 1830-1930.\u201d PhD dissertation, Stanford University, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Massoni, Kelley.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cTeena Goes to Market\u201d: Seventeen Magazine and the Early Construction of the Teen Girl as Consumer.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of American Culture<\/em>&nbsp;29 (March 2006): 31- 42.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Matthews, Glenna.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Just a Housewife: The Rise and&nbsp;Fall&nbsp;of Domesticity in America<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maxcy, David Joseph.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cAdvertising, the Gender System: Changing Configurations of Femininity and Masculinity in Early Advertising in the United States.\u201d PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mehaffy, Marilyn Maness. \u201cAdvertising Race\/Raceing Advertising: The Feminine Consumer(-nation), 1876-1900.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Signs<\/em>23:1 (Autumn 1997): 131-174.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Miller, Roger.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cSelling Mrs. Consumer: Advertising and the Creation of Suburban Socio-Spatial Relations, 1910-1930.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Antipode<\/em>&nbsp;23:3 (1991): 263-306.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Monrreal, Sahar&nbsp;Hayal.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cWoman, Nation, Food: Domesticity and the Imperial Project in&nbsp;<em>Ladies\u2019 Home Journal<\/em>&nbsp;Food Advertising, 1898\u20131899.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naether, Carl A.&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;Advertising to Women.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Prentice Hall, 1928.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neuhaus,&nbsp;Jessamyn.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Housework and Housewives in American Advertising: Married to the Mop<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neuhaus,&nbsp;Jessamyn.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cA Little Bit of Love You Can Wrap Your Baby In\u2019: Mothers, Fathers, Race, and Representations of Nurturing in 1960s-1970s Pampers Advertising.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Advertising &amp; Society Review<\/em>&nbsp;14:3 (2013).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nickles, Shelly.&nbsp; &#8220;More is&nbsp;Better: Mass Consumption, Gender, and Class Identity in Postwar America.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;54 (December 2002): 581-622.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Norcia, Megan A. &#8220;The Mad Woman in the Barnyard: Revealing the Role of Advertising in E. B. White&#8217;s&nbsp;<em>Charlotte&#8217;s Web<\/em>.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Children&#8217;s Literature&nbsp;<\/em>53 (2025): 124-148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osgerby, Bill. \u201cThe Bachelor Pad as Cultural Icon: Masculinity, Consumption and Interior Design in American Men\u2019s Magazines, 1930-65.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Design History<\/em>&nbsp;18, no. 1 (2005): 99\u2013113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parcell, Lisa Mullikin and Paul Myers.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cWomen\u2019s Entry in Advertising Through the Test Brand Kitchen.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;41:3 (2014): 321-349.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parkin, Katherine J.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Food is Love: Advertising and Gender Roles in Modern America<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parkin, Katherine.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cDriving Home Class Status: Women and Car Advertising in the&nbsp;United States.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Advertising &amp; Society Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;20:2 (2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parr, Joy,&nbsp;ed.&nbsp; &#8220;Kitchen Technologies.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Technology and Culture<\/em>&nbsp;43 (October 2002).&nbsp;&nbsp;special&nbsp;issue<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patterson, Martha.&nbsp; &#8220;Survival of the Best Fitted: Selling the New American Woman as Gibson Girl, 1895-1910.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>ATQ: 19th-Century American Literature and Culture<\/em>&nbsp;9:1 (March 1995): 73-87.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peiss, Kathy.&nbsp;<em>Hope in a Jar: The Making of America\u2019s Beauty Culture.&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Metropolitan Books, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendergast, Tom.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Creating the Modern Man: American Magazines and Consumer Culture<\/em>.&nbsp; Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pollack, Benjamin, and Janice Todd.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cBefore Charles Atlas: Earle&nbsp;Liederman, the 1920s King of Mail-Order Muscle.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Sport History<\/em>&nbsp;44:3 (Fall 2017): 399-420.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Popp, Richard K., Brenton J. Malin, and Wendy A. Woloson, eds.&nbsp; <em>Commercial Intimacy: Affinity and the Marketplace<\/em>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rabinovitch-Fox,&nbsp;Einav.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cBaby You Can Drive My Car: Advertising Women\u2019s Freedom in 1920s America.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;33:4 (Fall 2016): 372-400.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rabinovitch-Fox, Einav.<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;Dressed For Freedom: The Fashionable Politics of American Feminism. <\/em>Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rakow, Lana F. &#8220;Don&#8217;t Hate Me Because I&#8217;m Beautiful: Feminist Resistance to Advertising.&#8221; <em>Southern Communication Journal<\/em> 57:2 (1992): 131-142.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rapp, Rayna, and Ellen Ross.&nbsp; &#8220;The 1920s: Feminism, Consumerism, and Political Backlash in the United States.&#8221; in&nbsp;<em>Women in Culture and Politics<\/em>, J.&nbsp;Freidlander,&nbsp;ed.&nbsp; Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Remus, Emily A.&nbsp; \u201cTippling Ladies and the Making of Consumer Culture: Gender and Public Space in Fin-de-Siecle&nbsp;Chicago.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of American History<\/em>&nbsp;101:3 (December 2014): 751-777.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Restad, Penne.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Third Sex: Historians, Consumer Society, and the Idea of the American Consumer.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Social History<\/em>&nbsp;47:3 (Spring 2014): 769-786.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roberts, Mary Louise.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cGender, Consumption, and Commodity Culture.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Historical Review<\/em>&nbsp;103:3 (June 1998): 817-844.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rosenberg, Emily S. &#8220;Consuming Women: Images of Americanization in the American Century.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Diplomatic History<\/em>&nbsp;23 (Summer 1999): 479-497.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rosoff, Nancy G.&nbsp; &#8220;Every Muscle is Absolutely Free: Advertising and Advice&nbsp;About&nbsp;Clothing for Athletic American Women, 1880-1920.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of American Culture<\/em>&nbsp;25 (March 2002): 25-31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rutherford, Janice Williams. \u201cA Foot in Each Sphere: Christine Frederick and Early Twentieth-Century Advertising.\u201d&nbsp;<em>The Historian<\/em>&nbsp;63, no. 1 (2000): 67\u201386.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rutherford, Janice Williams.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Selling Mrs. Consumer:&nbsp; Christine Frederick and the Rise of Household Efficiency<\/em>.&nbsp; Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sarch, A.&nbsp; &#8220;Those Dirty Ads! Birth Control Advertising in the 1920s and 1930s.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Critical Studies in Mass Communication<\/em>&nbsp;14:1 (March 1997): 31-47.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scanlon, Jennifer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Inarticulate Longings: The Ladies&#8217; Home Journal, Gender, and the Promise of Consumer Culture<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Routledge, 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scanlon, Jennifer, ed.,<em>&nbsp;The&nbsp;Gender and Consumer Culture Reader.&nbsp;<\/em>New York: New York University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scanlon, Jennifer. \u201cOld Housekeeping, New Housekeeping, or No Housekeeping? The Kitchenless Home Movement and the Women\u2019s Service Magazine.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;30:1 (Spring 2004): 2-10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scanlon, Jennifer.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cI am What I Make Up: Reading Women\u2019s Roles in Advertising Across a Century.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Advertising &amp; Society Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;21:1 (Spring 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schweitzer,&nbsp;Marlis.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Mad Search for Beauty\u201d: Actresses\u2019 Testimonials, the Cosmetics Industry, and the \u201cDemocratization of Beauty.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era<\/em>&nbsp;4:3 (July 2005): 255-292.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schweitzer,&nbsp;Marlis&nbsp;Erica. \u201cBecoming Fashionable: Actresses, Fashion, and the Development of American Consumer Culture, 1893\u20131919.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;PhD dissertation, University of Toronto, Canada, 2005.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scharff. Virginia.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Taking the Wheel: Women and the Coming of the Motor Age<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Free Press, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scott, Linda M.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cWarring Images: Women in the Fashion Magazines, 1941-1945.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Advertising and Society Review<\/em>&nbsp;10:2 (2009):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scranton, Philip, ed.,&nbsp;<em>Beauty and Business: Commerce, Gender, and Culture in Modern America.&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Routledge, 2001.*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A collection of essays based on the theme of relationships between beauty and commercial culture.&nbsp; The overall collection is an examination of how commerce shapes images of gender and race, and dictates fashion and popular culture.&nbsp; Individual essays examine images of men in business leadership, the afro hairstyle, Chinese-American beauty contests, the cigarette, cosmetics, Maidenform bras, and other manifestations of the &#8220;beauty culture.&#8221;&nbsp; See also Kathy&nbsp;Peiss&#8217; introduction to the volume.&nbsp; These essays are based on papers given at a conference at the Hagley Library.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shu-Yueh, Lee, and&nbsp;Naeemah&nbsp;Clark.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Normalization of Cosmetic Surgery in Women\u2019s Magazines from 1960 to 1989.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Magazine and New Media Research<\/em>&nbsp;15:1 (Spring 2014): 1-22.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shaw, Steven J. \u201cStore Merchandise Publicity on the Women\u2019s Pages.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Marketing<\/em>&nbsp;21, no. 3 (1957): 335\u2013339.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sivulka, Juliann.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Ad Women: How They Impact What We Need, Want, and Buy<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skelly, G. and W.&nbsp;Lundstrom.&nbsp; \u201cMale Sex Roles in Magazine Advertising, 1959-1979.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Media Studies Journal<\/em>&nbsp;31: 4 (1981): 52-57.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smulyan, Susan.&nbsp; &#8220;Radio Advertising to Women in Twenties America.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Historical Journal of Film, Radio, and Television<\/em>&nbsp;13 (1993): 300-311.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spigel, Lynn, and Denise Mann,&nbsp;eds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Private Screenings: Television and the Female Consumer<\/em>.&nbsp; Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stein, Sally.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Graphic Ordering of Desire: Modernization of a Middle Class Women\u2019s Magazine, 1919-1939,\u201d in Richard Bolton, ed.,&nbsp;<em>The Contest of Meaning: Critical Histories of Photography<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Cambridge: MIT Press, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stephens, D. L., Hill, R. P., et al.&nbsp; &#8220;The Beauty Myth and Female Consumers: The Controversial Role of Advertising.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Consumer Affairs<\/em>&nbsp;28:1<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>(Summer 1994): 137-153.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sutton, Denise H.&nbsp;<em>Globalizing Ideal Beauty: How Female Copywriters of the J. Walter Thompson Advertising Agency Redefined Beauty for the Twentieth Century.<\/em>&nbsp;New York: Palgrave, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Swiencicki, Mark A. \u201cConsuming Brotherhood: Men\u2019s Culture, Style, and Recreation in Consumer Culture, 1880-1930.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Social History<\/em>&nbsp;31:4 (Summer 1998): 773-808.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Synycia, Natasha. \u201cIda Rosenthal and her \u2018Maidenformidible\u2019 Empire: Booming Business and Dreamy Advertising in the Postwar United States.\u201d PhD dissertation, University of California- Irvine, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tichner, Lisa.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Spectacle of Women: Images of the Suffrage Campaign, 1907-191<\/em>4.&nbsp; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tone, A.&nbsp; &#8220;Contraceptive Consumers: Gender and the Political Economy of Birth Control in the 1930s.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Social History<\/em>&nbsp;29:3<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>(Spring 1996): 485-506.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Turbin, Carole.&nbsp; &#8220;Fashioning the American Man: The Arrow Collar Man, 1907-1931.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Gender and History<\/em>&nbsp;14 (November 2002): 470-491.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Twarog, Emily E. LB.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Politics of the Pantry: Housewives, Food, and Consumer Protest in Twentieth-Century America<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Oxford University Press, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vacker, B. and Key, W. R.&nbsp; &#8220;Beauty and the Beholder: The Pursuit of Beauty through Commodities.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Psychology and Marketing<\/em>&nbsp;10:6<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>(November-December 1993): 471-494.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Venkatesan, M., and Jean&nbsp;Losco.&nbsp; \u201cWomen in Magazine Ads: 1959-1971.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Advertising Research<\/em>&nbsp;15:5 (1975): 49-54.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wagner, Louis C., and Janis B.&nbsp;Banos. \u201cA Woman\u2019s Place: A Follow-up Analysis of the Roles Portrayed by Women in Magazine Advertisements.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Marketing Research<\/em>&nbsp;10:2 (May 1973): 213-214.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wajcman, Judy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Feminism Confronts Technology<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;University Park: Penn State University Press, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Warner, Patricia Campbell.&nbsp;<em>When the Girls Came Out to Play: The Birth of American Sportswear.&nbsp;<\/em>Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wayland-Smith, Ellen.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Angel in the Marketplace: Adwoman Jean Wade Rindlaub and the Selling of America.<\/em>&nbsp;&nbsp;Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>White, Cynthia.&nbsp; \u201cFeminine Trifles of Vast Importance: Writing Gender into the History of Consumption,\u201d in&nbsp;<em>Gender Conflicts: New Essays on Women\u2019s History<\/em>, ed. Franca&nbsp;Iacovetta&nbsp;and Mariana&nbsp;Valverde.&nbsp; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wills, Jeanie. \u201cDorothy Dignam\u2019s Advocacy for Women\u2019s Careers in Advertising: 1920-1950.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Historical Research in Marketing<\/em>&nbsp;10:1 (2018): 21-36.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wolfe, Janet L.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>What Makes Women Buy: A Guide to Understanding the New Woman of Today<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: McGraw-Hill, 1958.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yang, Mei-ling Yang.&nbsp; &#8220;Selling Patriotism: The Representation of Women in Magazine Advertising in World War II.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;12:3 (1995): 304-20.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zuckerman, Mary Ellen, and Mary L. Carsky. \u201cContributions of Women to U.S. Marketing Thought: The Consumer\u2019s Perspective.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science<\/em>&nbsp;18:4 (1990): 313-318.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zuckerman, Mary Ellen.&nbsp; &#8220;From Educated Citizen to Educated Consumer: The Good Citizenship and Pro-Advertising Campaigns in the&nbsp;Womans&#8217; Home Companion, 1920-1938.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Periodicals<\/em>&nbsp;5 (1995): 86-110.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/advertising-history-in-the-united-states-a-bibliographic-reference\/\">Advertising Index Page<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Advertising Index Page Adkins Covert,&nbsp;Tawnya&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Manipulating Images: World War II Mobilization of Women through Magazine Advertising.&nbsp;Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2011. Alexander, Eleanor. \u201cWoman\u2019s Place is in the Tea Room: White Middle-Class American Women as Entrepreneurs and Customers.\u201d&nbsp;Journal of American Culture&nbsp;32:2 (2009): 126-136. Altman, Karen E.&nbsp; \u201cTelevision as Gendered Technology: Advertising the American Television Set.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;Journal of Popular [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-286","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/286","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/48"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=286"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2393,"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/286\/revisions\/2393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}