{"id":136,"date":"2021-09-18T00:34:48","date_gmt":"2021-09-18T00:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/sites\/masscommhistorybibliography\/?page_id=136"},"modified":"2025-08-05T19:56:17","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T19:56:17","slug":"late-19th-century-journalism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/late-19th-century-journalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Late 19th-Century Journalism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/2021\/09\/17\/hello-world\/\">Back to Index Page<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adams, Edward E.&nbsp; &#8220;Secret Combinations and Collusive Agreements: The Scripps Newspaper Empire and the Early Roots of Joint Operating Agreements.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly&nbsp;<\/em>73 (Spring 1996): 195-205.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Agran, Edward G.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Too Good a Town: William Allen White, Community, and the Emerging Rhetoric of Middle America<\/em>.&nbsp; Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ahearn, Lorraine.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cOld-Time Negroes: Nostalgic Ex-Slave Narratives in New York Newspapers of the Gilded Age.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;41:3 (20014): 350-373.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allan, Chris.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cHo for Sitka: Special Correspondents and the Race to Report on the 1867 Transfer of Russian America to the United States.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Alaska History<\/em>&nbsp;32:2 (Fall 2017): 1-26.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Altschuler, Glenn C.&nbsp;<em>Rude Republic: Americans and Their Politics in the Nineteenth Century.&nbsp;<\/em>Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ahmad, Diana L.&nbsp; \u201cThe Campaign&nbsp;Against&nbsp;Smoking Opium: Nevada Journalists as Agents of Social Reform, 1875-1882. Nevada Historical Society Quarterly 2003 46:4 (2003): 243-256.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>American Journalism&nbsp;From&nbsp;the Practical Side<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Holmes Publishing Co., 1897.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baker, Jean H.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Affairs of Party: The Political Culture of Northern Democrats in Mid-Nineteenth Century America<\/em>.&nbsp; Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baldasty, Gerald J., and Jeffrey B. Rutenbeck. \u201cMoney, Politics, and Newspapers: The Business Environment of Press Partisanship in the Late 19<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;Century.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;15:2\/3 (Summer\/Autumn 1988): 60-69.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baldasty, Gerald J.&nbsp;<em>The Commercialization of News in the Nineteenth Century.&nbsp;<\/em>Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baldasty, Gerald J.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Economics of Working-Class Journalism: The E.W. Scripps Newspaper Chain, 1878-1908.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;23:1 (Spring 1999): 3-12.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baldasty, Gerald J.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>E.W. Scripps and the Business of Newspapers.&nbsp;<\/em>Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Banning, Stephen A. &#8220;The Professionalization of Journalism: A Nineteenth Century Beginning.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History&nbsp;<\/em>24:4 (Winter 1998): 157-163.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Banning, Stephen A.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cFully Conscious of Their Power: Nineteenth-Century Michigan Editors Search for Journalistic Professionalism.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;36:3 (Summer 2019): 371-394.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barrineau, Nancy W.&nbsp; &#8220;Journalism in the 1890s: The Origins of Theodore Dreiser&#8217;s Fiction.&#8221;&nbsp; PhD dissertation, University of Georgia, 1988.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barth, Gunther.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>City People: The Rise of Modern City Culture in Nineteenth-Century America.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.&nbsp; See especially Chapter 3 (Metropolitan Press) and Chapter 4 (Department Store).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beniger, James.&nbsp;<em>The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bennion, Sherlyn Cox.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Equal to the Occasion: Women Editors of the Nineteenth Century West.&nbsp;<\/em>Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Berens,&nbsp;Charlyne, and Nancy Mitchell. \u201cParallel Tracks, Same Terminus: The Role of Nineteenth-Century Newspapers and Railroads in the Settlement of Nebraska.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Great Plains Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;29 (Fall 2009): 287\u2013300.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Berger, Meyer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Story of the New York Times, 1851-1951<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Simon and Schuster, 1951.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bernhardt, Mark. \u201cThe Selling of Sex, Sleaze, Scuttlebutt, and other Shocking Sensations: The Evolution of New Journalism in San Francisco, 1887-1900.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;28:4 (2011): 111-142.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blankenship, Avery. \u201cTwain in Circulation: Early Twain and the Culture of Reprinting.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Mark Twain Annual<\/em>&nbsp;19 (2021): 68-94.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blondheim,&nbsp;Menahem.&nbsp;<em>News&nbsp;Over&nbsp;the Wires: The Telegraph and the Flow of Public Information in America, 1844-1897.&nbsp;<\/em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bloom, Robert L.&nbsp; &#8220;Morton McMichael&#8217;s North American.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography<\/em>&nbsp;77:2 (April 1953): 164-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bogle, Lori Lyn.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cPandering to the Crowd: The American Governing Elite\u2019s Changing Views on Mass Media and Publicity&nbsp;During&nbsp;the Nineteenth Century.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;43:2 (Summer 2017): 62-74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bold, Christine, ed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Oxford History of Popular Print Culture, Volume 6: US Popular Print Culture, 1860-1920<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bradley, Patricia.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cJoseph Pulitzer as an American Hegelian.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;10: 3\/4 (1993): 70-82.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brake, Laurel, Bill Bell, and David Finkelstein,&nbsp;eds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Nineteenth Century Media and the Construction of Identities<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Palgrave, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Branch, Edgar M., ed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Clemens of the Call: Mark Twain in San Francisco<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Branch, Michael P. \u201cWilliam Cullen Bryant: The Nature Poet as Environmental Journalist.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Transcendental Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;12:3 (September 1998): 179-197.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brooker-Gross, Susan R.&nbsp; &#8220;Nineteenth Century News Definitions and Wire Service Usage.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;60 (Spring 1983): 25-.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brown, Charles H.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Correspondents&#8217; War: Journalists and the Spanish-American War<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Scribner&#8217;s, 1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burt, Elizabeth V.&nbsp; \u201cShocking Atrocities in Colorado: Newspapers\u2019 Responses to the Ludlow Massacre.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;28:3 (Summer 2011): 61-83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Campbell, W. Joseph. \u201cOne of the Fine Figures of American Journalism\u2019: A Closer Look at Josephus Daniels of the Raleigh&nbsp;<em>News and Observer<\/em>.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;16:4 (1999): 37-55.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Campbell, W. Joseph.&nbsp;<em>Yellow Journalism: Puncturing the Myths, Defining the Legacies.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>Westport, Conn.:&nbsp;Praeger, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Campbell, W. Joseph.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Year that Defined American Journalism: 1897 and the Clash of Paradigms<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Routledge, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Caudill, Edward.&nbsp; &#8220;E.L.&nbsp;Godkin&nbsp;and His (Special and Influential) View of 19th Century Journalism.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;69 (1992): 1039-50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chiu, Herman B.&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8220;When 1000 Words are Worth a Picture: Now Newspapers Portrayed the Chinese and Irish who&nbsp;Built&nbsp;the First Transcontinental Railroad.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;PhD dissertation, University of Missouri, 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chiu, Herman B., and Andrew Taylor Kirk.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cUnlimited American Power: How Four California Newspapers Covered Chinese Labor and the Building of the Transcontinental Railroad, 1865-1869.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;31:4 (Fall 2014): 507-524.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clark, E. Culpepper. \u201cFrancis Warrington Dawson: The New South Revisited.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;3:1 (1986): 5-23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clark, Justin T.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cConfronting the \u2018Seeker of Notoriety\u2019: Pathological Lying, the Public, and the Press, 1890-1920.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;34:2 (Spring 2017): 179-200.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cloud, Barbara.&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;The Business of Newspapers on the Western Frontier<\/em>.&nbsp; Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Colbert, Ann. &#8220;Philanthropy in the Newsroom: Women&#8217;s Editions of Newspapers, 1894-1896.&#8221; &nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;22:3 (Summer 1996): 90-99.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Connery, Thomas.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cJulian Ralph: Forgotten Master of Descriptive Detail.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;2:2 (1985): 165-173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Connery, Thomas B. \u201cHutchins Hapgood and the Search for a New Form of Literature.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;13:1 (Spring 1986): 2-9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Connery, Thomas B.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism and Realism: Rendering American Life<\/em>. Evanston Northwestern University Press, 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Copeland-Campbell, Thomas.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Ladder of Journalism: How to Climb It<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp; New York: Allan Foreman, 1889.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cordell, Ryan, and Abby Mullen.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cFugitive Verses: The Circulation of Poems in Nineteenth-Century American Newspapers.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Periodicals<\/em>&nbsp;27:1 (2017): 29-52.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cosco, Joseph P. \u201cJacob Riis: Immigrants Old and New, and the Making of Americans.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;20:3 (2003): 13-30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coultrap-McQuin, Susan.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Doing Literary Business: American Women Writers in the Nineteenth Century.&nbsp;<\/em>Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coward, John M.&nbsp; \u201cMaking Images on the Indian Frontier: The Adventures of Special Artist Theodore Davis.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;36:3 (Fall 2010): 151-168.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coward, John M.&nbsp; \u201cThe Princess and the Squaw: The Construction of Native American Women in the Pictorial Press.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;31:1 (Winter&nbsp;2014): 71-99.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coward, John M.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Indians Illustrated: The Image of Native Americans in the Pictorial Press<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cronin, Mary M., and William E.&nbsp;Huntzicker.&nbsp; \u201cPopular Chinese Images and the \u201cComing Man\u201d of 1870,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;38:2 (Summer 2012): 86-99.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cronin, Mary M. \u201cAn Almost Undiscovered Country: Frank Leslie\u2019s 1890 Alaska Expedition and the Tradition of Gilded Age Adventure Journalism.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;42:1 (Spring 2016): 24-32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cummings, Amos Jay.&nbsp;<em>A Remarkable Curiosity: Dispatches from a New York City&nbsp;Journalist?s&nbsp;1873 Railroad Trip across the American West<\/em>, ed. Jerald T.&nbsp;Milanich. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Curtin, Patricia A.&nbsp; &#8220;From Pity to Necessity: How National Events Shaped Coverage of the Plains Indian War.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;12:1 (Winter&nbsp;1995): 3-21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Davis, Elmer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>History of the New York Times, 1851-1921<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Times Company, 1921.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Davis, Michael.&nbsp; &#8220;Forced to Tramp: The Perspective of the Labor Press, 1870-1900.&#8221; in&nbsp;<em>Walking to Work: Tramps in America, 1790-1935<\/em>.&nbsp; Eric H&nbsp;Monkkenen,&nbsp;ed.&nbsp; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deitz, Charles.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cA Tomb for the Living: An Analysis of Late-19<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;Century United States Newspaper Reporting on the Insane Asylum.\u201d PhD dissertation, University of Oregon, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DiGirolamo, Vincent.&nbsp; &#8220;The Black Newsboy: Black Child in a White Myth.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Columbia Journal of American Studies<\/em>&nbsp;4:1 (2000): 63-92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dicken-Garcia, Hazel.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalistic Standards in Nineteenth Century America.&nbsp;<\/em>Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Digby-Younger, Richard.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Journalist as Reformer: Henry Demarest Lloyd and<\/em>&nbsp;Wealth Against Commonwealth. New York: Praeger, 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dillon, Michael J. \u201cEdward H. Butler\u2019s&nbsp;<em>Buffalo News<\/em><em>&nbsp;<\/em>and the Crisis of Labor, 1877\u20131892: From Populist to Patrician.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;16, no. 1 (1999): 41\u201358.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dillon, Michael.&nbsp; &#8220;Satanic Journalism and Its Fate:&nbsp; The Scripps Chain Strikes Out in Buffalo.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;20 (Spring 2003): 57-82.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Domke, David S.&nbsp; &#8220;The Press, Social Change, and Race Relations in the Late Nineteenth Century.&#8221; Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dooley, Patricia L.&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;Taking Their Place: Journalists and the Making of an Occupation<\/em>.&nbsp; Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Douglas, George H.<em>&nbsp; The Golden Age of the Newspaper.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dowling, David. \u201cThe Nineteenth-Century Weekly Press and the Tumultuous Career of Journalist Leon Lewis.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;39 (Fall 2013): 156\u2013167.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dryer, Trevor D. \u201c\u2018All the News That\u2019s Fit to Print\u2019: The<em>&nbsp;New York Times<\/em>, \u2018Yellow\u2019 Journalism, and the Criminal Trial, 1898\u20131902.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Nevada Law Journal<\/em>&nbsp;8 (Winter 2008): 541\u201369.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dworkin, Mark J.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Mythmaker: Walter Noble Burns and the Legend of Billy the Kid, Wyatt Earp, and Joaquin Murrieta<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ennis, Ron W.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cBethlehem Steelworkers, the Press, and the Struggle for the Eight-Hour Day.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Pennsylvania History<\/em>&nbsp;83:3 (Summer 2016): 337-365.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Erickson, John Edward.&nbsp; &#8220;Newspapers and Social Values: Chicago Journalism, 1890-1910.&#8221;&nbsp; PhD dissertation, University of Illinois, 1973.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evensen, Bruce J. &#8220;Expecting a Blessing of Unusual Magnitude: Moody, Mass Media, and Gilded Age Revival.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;24:1 (Winter 1998): 26-36.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evensen, Bruce J. \u201cSaucepan Journalism in an Age of Indifference: Moody, Beecher, and Brooklyn\u2019s Gilded Age Press.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;27:4 (Winter 2001-2002): 165-177.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fedler, Fred.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cMrs. O\u2019Leary\u2019s Cow and Other Newspaper Tales About the Chicago Fire of 1871.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>3:1 (1986): 24-38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ferre, John.&nbsp; &#8220;Sunday Newspapers and the Decline of Protestant Authority in the United States.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;10 (Winter-Spring 1993): 7-22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>File, Patrick C.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cWatchdog Journalists and Shyster Lawyers: Analyzing Legal Reform Discourse in the Journalistic Trade Press, 1895-1899.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;35:4 (Fall 2018): 469-489.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>File, Patrick C.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cJournalism, Public, Policy: An Institutional View of the Press\u2019s Legal Discourse at the End of the Nineteenth Century.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;96:3 (Autumn 2019): 830-847.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Folkerts, Jean.&nbsp; &#8220;Functions of the Reform Press.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;12 (Spring 1985): 22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Forde, Kathy Roberts, and Katherine A. Foss. \u201cThe Facts-the Color!-&nbsp;The Facts\u2019: The Idea of a Report in American Print Culture, 1885-1910.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Book History<\/em>&nbsp;15 (2012): 123-151.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Forde, Kathy Roberts, and Sid Bedingfield, eds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism and Jim Crow: White Supremacy and the Black Struggle for a New America<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2021.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Franke, Warren T.&nbsp; &#8220;Investigative Exposure in the Nineteenth Century: The Journalistic Heritage of the Muckrakers.&#8221; Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1974.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Franke, Warren T.&nbsp; &#8220;An Argument in Defense of Sensationalism: Probing the Popular and Historiographical Concept.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;5 (1978): 70-73.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Freedman, Estelle B. \u201c\u2018Crimes Which Startle and Horrify\u2019: Gender, Age, and the Racialization of Sexual Violence in White American Newspapers, 1870\u20131900.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of the History of Sexuality<\/em>&nbsp;20 (September 2011): 465\u2013497.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frisken, Amanda. \u201cObscenity, Free Speech, and \u2018Sporting News\u2019 in 1870s America.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of American Studies<\/em>&nbsp;42 (December 2008): 537\u2013577.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frisken, Amanda.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Victoria Woodhull&#8217;s Sexual Revolution: Political Theater and the Popular Press in Nineteenth-Century America<\/em>. Philadelphia:&nbsp;University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Friskin, Amanda K.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cA Song Without Words: Anti-Lynching Imagery in the African American Press, 1889-1898.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of African American History<\/em>&nbsp;97:3 (Summer 2012): 240-269.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frisken, Amanda.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Graphic News: How Sensational Images Transformed Nineteenth-Century Journalism<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fuhlhage, Michael J. \u201cEastern American Correspondents and the Othering of Mexicans in the Nineteenth-Century Popular Press.\u201d &nbsp;PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fulhage, Michael.&nbsp; \u201cBrave Old Spaniards and Indolent Mexicans: J. Ross Browne,&nbsp;<em>Harper\u2019s New Monthly Magazine<\/em>, and the Social Construction of Off-Whiteness in the 1860s.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;31:1 (Winter&nbsp;2014): 100-126.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gates, Sharon Joyce. \u201cAdolph Ochs: Learning&nbsp;What\u2019s&nbsp;Fit to Print.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;8, no. 4 (1991): 228\u201329.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gentzkow, Matthew, Edward L.&nbsp;Glaeser, and Claudia Goldin.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Rise of the Fourth Estate: How Newspapers Became Informative and Why It Mattered,\u201d in&nbsp;<em>Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America\u2019s Economic History<\/em>, ed. Edward L.&nbsp;Glaeser&nbsp;and Claudia Goldin, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gentzkow, Matthew, Jesse M. Shapiro, and Michael Sinkinson.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Effect of Newspaper Entry and Exit on Electoral Politics.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Economic Review<\/em>&nbsp;101:7 (December 2011): 2980-3018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gentzkow, Matthew, Jesse M. Shapiro, and Michael Sinkinson.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cCompetition and Ideological Diversity: Historical Evidence from US Newspapers.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Economic Review<\/em>&nbsp;104: 10 (October 2014): 3073-3114.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gerdts, William H.&nbsp; \u201cChicago is Rushing Past Everything:&nbsp; The Rise of American Art Journalism in the Midwest, from the Development of the Railroad to the Chicago Fire.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Art Journal<\/em>&nbsp;27: 1\/2 (1995-1996): 38-83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gleason, Timothy W.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Watchdog Concept: The Press and the Courts in 19th Century America<\/em>.&nbsp; Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Godkin, E.L.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cDiplomacy and the Newspaper.\u201d&nbsp;<em>North American Review<\/em>&nbsp;160 (May 1895): 570-579.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goldberg, Michael J. \u201cLaw, Labor, and the Mainstream Press: Labor Day Commentaries on Labor and Employment Law, 1882-1935.\u201d&nbsp;<em>The Labor Lawyer<\/em>&nbsp;15, no. 1 (1999): 93\u2013149.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gorbach, Julien, and Michael Fuhlhage. \u201cFallen, Broken Places: American Imperial Journalism and Thomas W. Knox\u2019s Traveller Books for Boys.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;47:2 (2021): 189-214.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gorn, Elliot J.\u00a0 &#8220;The Wicked World: The\u00a0<em>National Police Gazette<\/em>\u00a0and Gilded Age America.&#8221;\u00a0\u00a0<em>Media Studies Journal<\/em>\u00a06:1 (Winter 1992): 1-15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Graham, Thomas. \u201cCharles H. Jones of the <em>Post-Dispatch<\/em>: Pulitzer\u2019s Prize Headache.\u201d\u00a0<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>\u00a056, no. 4 (1979): 788\u2013802.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gramling, Oliver.&nbsp;<em>AP: The Story of the News<\/em>.&nbsp; Port Washington, NY:&nbsp;Kennikat&nbsp;Press, 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gray, Lee E.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cType and Building Type: Newspaper Office Buildings in Nineteenth Century New York,\u201d in Roberta&nbsp;Moundry, ed.,&nbsp;<em>The&nbsp;American Skyscraper: Cultural Histories<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Greene-Blye, Melissa.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cGreat Men, Savages, and the End of the Indian Problem.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;46:1 (2020): 32-49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gregg, Leigh F.&nbsp; &#8220;The First Amendment in the 19th Century: Journalists&#8217; Privilege and Congressional Investigation.&#8221; Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guber, Deborah Lynn. \u201c\u201cMake of Them Grand Parks, Owned in Common\u201d: The Role of Newspaper Editorials in Promoting the Adirondack Park, 1864\u20131894.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Policy History<\/em>&nbsp;22 (no. 4, 2010): 423\u2013449.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gullason, Thomas Arthur.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cStephen Crane\u2019s Private War on Yellow Journalism.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Huntington Library Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;22:3 (May 1959): 201-208.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hachten, William A.&nbsp; &#8220;The Metropolitan Sunday Newspaper in the United States: A Study of Trends in Content and Practices.&#8221;&nbsp; PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Halttunen, Karen.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Murder Most Foul: The Killer and the American&nbsp;Gothic&nbsp;Imagination.&nbsp;<\/em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hansen, Bert.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cNew Images of a New Medicine: Visual Evidence for the Widespread Popularity of Therapeutic Discoveries in America after 1885.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Bulletin of the History of Medicine<\/em>&nbsp;73:4 (Winter 1999): 629-678.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harmon, Mark D.&nbsp; &#8220;The&nbsp;<em>New York Times<\/em>&nbsp;and the Theft of the Presidential Election of 1876.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of American Culture<\/em>&nbsp;10:2 (Summer 1987): 35-41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harrison, James G.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cAmerican Newspaper Journalism as Described in American Novels of the Nineteenth Century.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;Phd&nbsp;dissertation, University of North Carolina, 1945.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harrison, James.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cNineteenth Century American Novels on American Journalism.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;22 (September 1945): 215-224 and (December 1945): 335-345.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hart, Jack R. &#8220;Horatio Alger in the Newsroom: Social Origins of American Editors.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;53 (1976): 14-20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harter, Eugene C.&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;Boilerplating&nbsp;America: The Hidden Newspaper.&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hays, Robert. <em>A Race at Bay: New York Times Editorials on the &#8220;Indian Problem, 1860-1900<\/em>. Carbondale: Souther Illinois University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hays, Robert,&nbsp;ed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Editorializing the \u2018Indian Problem\u2019: The New York Times on Native Americans, 1860-1900<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Henry, Susan. \u201cReporting Deeply and at First Hand: Helen Campbell in the 19<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;Century Slums.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;11:1 (Spring-Summer 1984): 18-25.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Holbo, Paul S.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Tarnished Expansion: The Alaska Scandal, the Press, and Congress.<\/em>&nbsp; Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hong, Nathaniel.&nbsp; &#8220;Constructing the Anarchist Beast in American Periodical Literature, 1880-1903.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Critical Studies in Mass Communication<\/em>&nbsp;9 (March 1992): 110-130.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hopper, Jennifer Rose.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cReexamining the Nineteenth-Century Presidency and Partisan Press: The Case of President Grant and the Whiskey Ring Scandal.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Social Science History<\/em>&nbsp;42:1 (January 2018): 109-133.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hutton, Frankie, and Barbara Straus Reed,&nbsp;eds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Outsiders in 19th Century Press History: Multicultural Perspectives<\/em>.&nbsp; Bowling&nbsp;Green: Bowling Green State University Press, 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeffries, Laura.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cIt Makes a Fellow Feel Responsible: Anglo-American Imperial Vistas and the \u2018White Man\u2019s Burden\u2019 in&nbsp;<em>McClure\u2019s<\/em>&nbsp;Magazine, 1898-99.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Book History<\/em>&nbsp;23 (2020): 169-205.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Johanningsmeier, Charles. \u201cNewspaper Syndicates of the Late Nineteenth Century: Overlooked Forces in the American Literary Marketplace.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Publishing History<\/em>&nbsp;37 (1995): 61-82.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Johanningsmeier, Charles.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Fiction and the American Literary Marketplace: The Role of Newspaper Syndicates, 1860-1900<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Johanningsmeier, Charles.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe 1894 Syndicated Newspaper Appearances of&nbsp;<em>The<\/em><em>&nbsp;Red Badge of Courage<\/em>.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Literary Realism<\/em>&nbsp;40:3 (Spring 2008): 226-247.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jones, Robert B. \u201cThe Press in the Election: Ending Tennessee\u2019s Reconstruction.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Tennessee Historical Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;65 (Winter 2006\u20132007): 320\u2013341.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Juergens, George.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Joseph Pulitzer and the New York World.&nbsp;<\/em>Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Junger, Richard.&nbsp;<em>Becoming the Second City: Chicago\u2019s Mass News Media, 1833-1898.<\/em>&nbsp;Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaplan, Richard. \u201cThe Economics of Popular Journalism in the Gilded Age: The <em>Detroit\u00a0Evening News\u00a0<\/em>in 1873 and 1888.\u201d\u00a0<em>Journalism History<\/em>\u00a021, no. 2 (1995): 65-78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaplan, Richard L.\u00a0\u00a0<em>Politics and the American Press: The Rise of Objectivity, 1865-1920<\/em>.\u00a0 New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaplan, Richard L.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cPress, Paper, and the Public Sphere.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Media History<\/em>&nbsp;21: 1 (February 2015): 42-54.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keller, Morton.\u00a0\u00a0<em>Affairs of State: Public Life in Late 19th Century America<\/em>.\u00a0 Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keller, Ulrich. \u201cThe Iconic Turn in American Political Culture: Speech Performance for the Gilded-Age Picture Press.\u201d\u00a0<em>Word &amp; Image<\/em>\u00a029, no. 1 (2013): 1\u201339.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khoo, Flora.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Ideological Influence of Political Cartoons on the1884 U.S. Presidential Race.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em> 37:3 (Summer 2020): 372-396.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>King, Dean.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Guardians of the Valley: John Muir and the Friendship That Saved Yosemite<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Scribner, 2023.&nbsp;&nbsp;Focus on Robert Underwood Johnson, editor of&nbsp;<em>Century<\/em>&nbsp;magazine, founding member of the Sierra Club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kitch, Carolyn L. &#8220;The Courage to Call Things by Their Right Names: Fanny Fern, Feminine Sympathy, and the Feminist Issues in Nineteenth-Century American Journalism.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;13:3 (1996): 286-303.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knight, Denise D. \u201cCharlotte Perkins Gilman, William Randolph Hearst, and the Practice of Ethical Journalism.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;11, no. 4 (1994): 336\u201347.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kobre, Sidney.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Yellow Press and Gilded Age Journalism<\/em>.&nbsp; Tallahassee: Florida State University Press, 1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knight, Oliver.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Following the Indian Wars: The Story of Newspaper Correspondents&nbsp;Among&nbsp;the Indian Campaigners<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knights, Peter R.&nbsp; &#8220;The Press Association War of 1866-67.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Monographs<\/em>&nbsp;No. 6 (December 1967).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Knights, Peter R.&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8220;&#8216;Competition&#8217; in the U.S. Daily Newspaper Industry, 1865-68,&#8221; <em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;45:3 (Autumn, 1968): 473-480.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kunzle, David.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The History of the Comic Strip: The Nineteenth Century<\/em>.&nbsp; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lanosga, Gerry.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cBehold the Wicked Abominations That They Do: The Nineteenth-Century Roots of the Evidentiary Approach in American Investigative Journalism.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;49:4 (Fall 2022): 368-391.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lawson, Linda. \u201cAdvertisements Masquerading as News in Turn-of-the-Century American Periodicals.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;5:2 (1988): 81-96.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lewis, Charles.&nbsp; \u201cWise Decisions: A Frontier Newspaper\u2019s Coverage of the Dakota Conflict.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;28:2 (Spring 2011): 48-80.&nbsp;&nbsp; (Mankato Record)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lloyd, John P. \u201cLabor\u2019s Rebellion: Albert Parsons, Joseph Medill, and the Legacy of the Civil War in the Strike of 1877 in Chicago.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Illinois History<\/em>&nbsp;10 (Autumn&nbsp;2007): 166\u201390.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lutes, Jean M.&nbsp; &#8220;Into the Madhouse with Nellie Bly: Girl Stunt Reporting in Late Nineteenth Century America.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;54 (June 2002): 217-253.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Luxon,&nbsp;Norval&nbsp;N.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Niles&#8217; Weekly Register: News Magazine of the Nineteenth Century<\/em>.&nbsp; Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1947.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mackenzie, Hazel.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Discipline of Sympathy and the Limits of Omniscience in Nineteenth-Century Journalism.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Critical Survey<\/em>&nbsp;26:2 (2014): 53-72.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McCluskey, Audrey T.&nbsp; &#8220;Representing Race: Mary McLeod Bethune and the Press in the Jim Crow Era.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Western Journal of Black Studies<\/em>&nbsp;23 (Winter 1999): 236-245.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McKivigan, John.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Forgotten Firebrand: James Redpath and the Making of Nineteenth Century America<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McLaren, John F.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cSensational Spiritualism: The Study of 19<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;Century Reporting and its Effect on the Spiritualist Movement.\u201d PhD dissertation, Southern New Hampshire University, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McMahon, Clan T.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cCaricaturing Race and Nation in the Irish-American Press, 1870-1880: A Transnational Perspective.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of American Ethnic History<\/em>&nbsp;33:2 (Winter 2014): 33-56.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McNenly, Linda&nbsp;Scarangella. \u201cFoe, Friend, or Critic: Native Performers with Buffalo Bill\u2019s Wild West Show and Discourses of Conquest and Friendship in Newspaper Reports.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Indian Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;38 (Spring 2014): 143\u2013176.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>McWilliams, James.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Mark Twain in the St. Louis Post Dispatch, 1874-1891<\/em>.&nbsp; Albany: Winston Publishing Co., 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Makemson, Harlen. \u201cA Dude and Pharisee: Cartoon Attacks on&nbsp;<em>Harper\u2019s Weekly<\/em>&nbsp;Editor George William Curtis and the Mugwumps in the Presidential Campaign of 1884.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;29:4 (Winter 2004): 179-189.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mann, Russell A.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cInvestigative Journalism in the Gilded Age: A Study of the Detective Journalism of Melville E. Stone and the Chicago&nbsp;<em>Morning News<\/em>, 1881-1888.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;Phd&nbsp;dissertation, Southern Illinois University, 1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Margolies, Daniel S.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Henry Watterson and the New South: The Politics of Empire, Free Trade, and Globalization<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marren, Joe. \u201cActivism and Indifference: Stephen Crane and the Reportage of His Career.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;42:1 (2016): 43-50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mayer, Gordon. \u201cParty Rags? Politics and the News Business in Chicago\u2019s Party Press, 1831-71.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>32:3 (Fall 2006): 138-146.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Menke, Richard. \u201cMedia in America, 1881: Garfield,&nbsp;Guiteau, Bell, Whitman,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Critical Inquiry<\/em>&nbsp;31 (Spring 2005): 638\u00ad66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mindich, David.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Just the Facts: How Objectivity Came to Define American Journalism.&nbsp;<\/em>New York: New York University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Montalbano, Kathryn. \u201cPreventing Yellow Jack and Yellow Journalism: Tensions in Mississippi Valley News Coverage of the 1873 Yellow Fever Epidemic.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;47:4 (2021): 372-391.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mueller, James E.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Shooting Arrows and Slinging Mud: Custer, the Press, and the Little Bighorn<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mueller, James E. \u201cStanley Before Livingstone: Henry Morton Stanley\u2019s Coverage of Hancock\u2019s War Against the Plains Tribes in 1867.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;42:1 (2016): 5-14.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Musser, Charles.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Politicking and Emergent Media: US Presidential Elections of the 1890s<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nalbach, Alex.&nbsp; &#8220;Poisoned at the Source? Telegraphic News Services and Big Business in the Nineteenth Century.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Business History Review<\/em>&nbsp;77:4 (Winter 2003): 577-610.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nall, Joshua.<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;News from Mars: Mass Media and the Forging of a New Astronomy, 1860-1910<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nasaw, David.&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst.&nbsp;<\/em>Boston: Mariner Books, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Natale, Simone.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Supernatural Entertainments: Victorian Spiritualism and the Rise of Modern Media Culture<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Philadelphia: Penn State University Press, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevin, Allan.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Evening Post: A Century of Journalism<\/em>.&nbsp; New York:&nbsp;Boni&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Liveright, 1921.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nord, David Paul. \u201cThe Politics of Agenda Setting in Late 19<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;Century Cities.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;58:4 (1981): 565-574, 612.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nord, David Paul.&nbsp; &#8220;The Business Values of American Newspapers: The 19th Century Watershed in Chicago.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;61 (1984): 265-73.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nord, David Paul.<em>&nbsp;Communities of Journalism: A History of American Newspapers and Their Readers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>North, Simon N.D.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>History and Present Condition of the Newspaper and Periodical Press of the United States<\/em>.&nbsp; Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1884.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Olsson, Jan.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cPressing Matters: Media Crusades&nbsp;Before&nbsp;the Nickelodeons.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Film History&nbsp;<\/em>27:2 (2015): 105-139.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osthaus, Carl R.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Partisans of the Southern Press: Editorial Spokesmen of the Nineteenth Century.&nbsp;<\/em>Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O&#8217;Brien, Frank M.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Story of the Sun, New York: 1833-1928<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Appleton, 1928.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Olasky, Marvin N.&nbsp; \u201cOpposing Abortion Clinics: A New York Times 1871 Crusade.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;63:2 (Summer 1986): 305-310.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pears, Emily.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cVisible States and Invisible Nation: Newspaper Coverage of Nineteenth-Century Lawmaking.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of Policy History<\/em>&nbsp;31:3 (2019): 354-381.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Petrova, Maria. \u201cNewspapers and Parties: How Advertising Revenues Created an Independent Press.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Political Science Review<\/em>&nbsp;105 (November 2011): 790\u2013808.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Philips, Melville.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Making of a Newspaper: Experiences of Certain Representative American Journalists Related by Themselves<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: G.P. Putnam\u2019s Sons, 1893.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pickett, Calder. &#8220;Technology and the New York Press in the 19th Century.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;48 (1960): 398-407.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pomerantz, Sidney I.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Press of a Greater New York, 1898-1900.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>New York History<\/em>&nbsp;39:1 (January 1958): 50-66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Popp, Richard K. \u201cInformation, Industrialization, and the Business of Press Clippings, 1880\u20131925.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journal of American History<\/em>&nbsp;101 (September 2014): 427\u2013453.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prioleau, Betsy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Diamonds and Deadlines: A Tale of Greed, Deceit, and a Female Tycoon in the Gilded Age<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Abrams, 2022.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mrs. Frank Leslie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proctor, Ben.&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;William Randolph Hearst: The Early Years, 1863-1910.&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pryor, John C.&nbsp; &#8220;A Violation of Sanctities: The Interrogation of the Popular Press in the Novels of Howells, James, Wharton, and Dreiser.&#8221;&nbsp; PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quinn, Katrina J.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cAcross the Continent\u2026and Still the Republic: Inscribing Nationhood in Samuel Bowles\u2019s Newspaper Letters of 1865.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;31:4 (Fall 2014): 468-489.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quinn, Katrina J.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Life Cycle and Conventions of Nineteenth-Century Breaking News: Disaster Reporting of the 1875 Virginia City Fire.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;35:3 (Summer 2018): 298-314.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quinn, Katrina J. \u201cBig Brains and the Solid South: The Role of the Press in the Election of 1880.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em> 47:3 (2021): 234-250.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quinn, Katrina Jesick, and Mary M. Cronin. \u201cOur Reporter is Just Come From the Ruins: Reporting Practices and the 1860 Pemberton Mill Disaster.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;40:2 (2023): 140-167.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Raab, Jennifer. \u201cPanoramic Vision, Telegraphic Language: Selling the American West, 1869-1884.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of American Studies<\/em>&nbsp;47:2 (2013): 495-520.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rammelkamp, Julian.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Pulitzer\u2019s Post-Dispatch.&nbsp;<\/em>Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rankin, Charles E. \u201cSavage Journalists and Civilized Indians: A Different View.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;21:3 (Autumn 1995): 102-111.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reel, Guy.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cDudes, \u2018Unnatural Crimes,\u2019 and the \u2018Curious Couple\u2019:&nbsp;<em>The National Police Gazette<\/em>\u2019s Oblique Coverage of Alternative Gender Roles in the Late Nineteenth Century.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;41:2 (Summer 2015): 85-92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reid, Whitelaw.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Some Newspaper Tendencies<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Holt, 1879.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reilly, Hugh J.&nbsp;<em>Native American: Yesterday and Today: The Frontier Newspapers and the Convergence of the Plains Indian Wars.&nbsp;<\/em>Santa Barbara, CA:&nbsp;Praeger, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reilly, Hugh J.&nbsp;<em>Bound to Have Blood: Frontier Newspapers and the Plains Indian Wars.<\/em>&nbsp;Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2010.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reilly, Hugh J.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Frontier Newspapers and the Coverage of the Plains Indian Wars<\/em>.&nbsp; Santa Barbara, CA:&nbsp;Praeger, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Riffenburgh, Beau.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Myth of the Explorer: The Press, Sensationalism, and Geographical Discovery<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Belhaven, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Risley, Ford. \u201cThe Savannah&nbsp;<em>Morning News<\/em><em>&nbsp;<\/em>As&nbsp;a Penny Paper: Independent, But Hardly Neutral.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;16, no. 4 (1999): 19\u201336.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ritchie, Donald A.&nbsp;<em>Press Gallery: The Rise of the Washington Correspondent.&nbsp;<\/em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roberts, Nancy. &#8220;&#8216;Ten Thousand Tongues&#8217; Speaking for Peace: Purposes and Strategies of the Nineteenth-Century Peace Advocacy Press.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;21:1 Winter 1995): 16-28.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robertson, Michael. \u201cStephen Crane\u2019s New York City Journalism and the Oft-Told Tale.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;9, no. 1 (1992): 7\u201322.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rodgers, Ronald R.&nbsp; \u201cThe Social Gospel and the News.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism and Communication Monographs<\/em>&nbsp;13:2 (Summer 2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rogers, Ronald R.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Struggle for the Soul of Journalism: The Pulpit&nbsp;Versus&nbsp;the Press, 1823-1923<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roggenkamp,&nbsp;Karyn.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Narrating the News: New Journalism and Literary Genre in Late Nineteenth-Century American Newspapers and Fiction<\/em>.&nbsp; Kent, OH:&nbsp; Kent State University Press, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rondinone, Troy.&nbsp;<em>The Great Industrial War: Framing Class Conflict in the Media, 1865-1950<\/em>. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rosebault, Charles J.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>When Dana Was the Sun<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: R.M. McBride, 1931.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ross, Marc.&nbsp; &#8220;John Swinton, Journalist and Reformer: The Active Years, 1858-1887.&#8221;&nbsp; PhD dissertation, New York University, 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rumble, Walker. &#8220;A Showdown of the &#8216;Swifts:&#8217; Women Compositors, Dime Museums, and the Boston Typesetting Races of 1886.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>New England Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;71 (December 1998): 615-628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rutenbeck, Jeffrey B.&nbsp; &#8220;Editorial Perception of Newspaper Independence and the Presidential Campaign of 1872: An Ideological Turning Point for American Journalism.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;(Spring 1989): 13-22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rutenbeck, Jeffrey B. &#8220;The Rise of Independent Newspapers in the 1870s: A Transformation in American Journalism.&#8221; Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rutenbeck,&nbsp; Jeffrey&nbsp;B.&nbsp; &#8220;The Stagnation and Decline of Partisan Journalism in the Late Nineteenth Century.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;10 (Winter-Spring 1993): 38-80.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ryfe, David M.&nbsp; &#8220;News, Culture, and Public Life: A Study of 19th Century American Journalism.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Studies<\/em>&nbsp;7:1 (2006): 60-77.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sachsman, David B., S.&nbsp;Kittrell&nbsp;Rushing, and Roy Morris Jr.,&nbsp;eds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Seeking a Voice: Images of Race and Gender in the 19th Century Press<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 2009.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sachsman, David B., and Dea Lisica, eds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>After the War: The Press in a Changing America, 1865-1900<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;New York: Routledge, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saum, Lewis O.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cJames William \u2018Phocion\u2019 Howard of the Chicago&nbsp;<em>Tribune<\/em>&nbsp;Reports the Aftermath of the Little Bighorn Disaster\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Illinois History<\/em>&nbsp;9 (Summer 2006): 82\u201394.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saxton, Alexander.&nbsp; &#8220;Problems of Class and Race in the Origins of the Mass Circulation Press.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;36 (Summer 1984): 211-234.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schiller, Dan.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cRealism, Photography, and Journalistic Objectivity in 19<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;Century America.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Studies in Visual Communication<\/em>&nbsp;4:2 (Winter 1977): 86-98.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schiller, Daniel I.&nbsp;<em>Objectivity and the News: The Public and the Rise of Commercial Journalism.&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seelye, John.&nbsp;<em>War Games: Richard Harding Davis and the New Imperialism<\/em>. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shudson, Michael.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Basic Books, 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simon, Rita J. and Susan H. Alexander.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Ambivalent Welcome: Print Media, Public Opinion, and Immigration<\/em>.&nbsp; Westport, Conn.:&nbsp;Praeger, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smith, Culver H.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Press, Politics, and Patronage: The American Government&#8217;s Use of Newspapers, 1789-1875<\/em>.&nbsp; Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smythe, Ted Curtis. &#8220;The Reporter, 1880-1900: Working Conditions and Their Influence on the News.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;7:1 (Spring 1980): 2-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smythe, Ted Curtis. &#8220;The Diffusion of the Urban Daily, 1850-1900.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;28 (Summer 2002): 73-84.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smythe, Ted Curtis.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Gilded Age Press, 1865-1900<\/em>.&nbsp; Westport, Conn.:&nbsp;Praeger, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sneed, Donald.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cNewspapers Call for Swift Justice: A Study of the McKinley Assassination.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;65:2 (Summer 1988): 360-368.&nbsp;&nbsp;(page&nbsp;#?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Solomon, Martha M.,&nbsp;ed.&nbsp;<em>&nbsp;A Voice of Their Own: The Woman Suffrage Press, 1840-1910.&nbsp;<\/em>Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soderlund, Gretchen.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Sex Trafficking, Scandal, and the Transformation of Journalism, 1885-1917<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sorisio, Carolyn. \u201cPlaying the Indian Princess?&nbsp; Sarah Winnemucca\u2019s Newspaper Career and Performance of American Indian Identities.\u201d <em>Studies in American Indian Literatures<\/em> 23:1 (Spring 2011): 1-37.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spencer, David R. &#8220;Unequal Partners: Gender Relationships in Victorian Radical Journalism.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;14:3-4 (1997): 441-59.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spencer, David R.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Yellow Journalism: The Press and America\u2019s Emergence as a World Power.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sproat, John G.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Best Men: Liberal Reformers in Gilded Age America<\/em>.&nbsp; New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Steele, Janet E.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Sun Shines for All: Journalism and Ideology in the Life of Charles A. Dana.<\/em>&nbsp;Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stein, Harry H. \u201cApprenticing Reporters: Lincoln Steffens on the&nbsp;<em>Evening Post<\/em>.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Historian<\/em>&nbsp;58:2 (Winter 1996): 367-382.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stern, Madeline B.,&nbsp;ed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Publishers for Mass Entertainment in Nineteenth Century America<\/em>.&nbsp; Boston:&nbsp;G.K.Hall, 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stevens, John D.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Sensationalism and the New York Press.&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Streckfuss, Richard.&nbsp; &#8220;Objectivity in Journalism: A Search and a Reassessment.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;67 (1990): 973-83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Summers, Mark W.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Press Gang: Newspapers and Politics, 1865-1878.&nbsp;<\/em>Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sumpter, Randall S. \u201cLearning the \u2018Outsider\u2019 Profession: Serial Advice Columns in&nbsp;<em>The&nbsp;Journalist.<\/em>\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;27 (Summer 2010): 7\u201326.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sumpter, Randall.&nbsp; \u201cPractical Reporting: Late 19<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;Century Journalistic Standards and Rule Breaking.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em>&nbsp;30:1 (Winter&nbsp;2013): 44-64.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Svaldi, David. \u201cThe <em>Rocky Mountain News<\/em> and The Indians.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of the West<\/em>&nbsp;27, no. 3 (1988): 85\u201394.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sweeney, Brian.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThrowing Stones Across the Potomac: The&nbsp;<em>Colored American Magazine<\/em>, the&nbsp;<em>Atlantic Monthly<\/em>, and the Cultural Politics of National Reunion.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>American Periodicals<\/em>&nbsp;29:2 (2019): 135-162.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sweeney, Michael S.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cThe Desire for the Sensational: Coxey\u2019s Army and the Argus-eyed Demons of Hell.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;23:4 (Autumn 1997): 114-125<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Theis, Clifford F.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cPolls and Elections: The&nbsp;<em>Chicago Record<\/em>&nbsp;Poll and the Election of 1896.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Presidential Studies Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;48:1 (March 2018): 127-138.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thomas, Brook.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201c<em>The Galaxy<\/em>, National Literature, and Reconstruction.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Nineteenth-Century Literature<\/em>&nbsp;75:1 (June 2020): 50-81.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thomas, John L.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Alternative America: Henry George, Edward Bellamy, Henry Demarest Lloyd, and the Adversary Tradition<\/em>.&nbsp; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thomas, Samuel J.&nbsp; &#8220;Holding the Tiger:&nbsp;Mugwump&nbsp;Cartoonists in Tammany Hall in Gilded Age New York.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>New York History<\/em>&nbsp;82 (Spring 2001): 155-182.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thorn, William J.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cHudson\u2019s History of&nbsp;Journalism&nbsp;Criticized by his Contemporaries.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism<\/em><em>&nbsp;Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;57 (Spring 1980): 99-106.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thorp, Robert K.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201c&nbsp;Marse&nbsp;Henry and the Negro: A New Perspective,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;46 (Autumn 1969): 467-474.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trotti, Michael Ayers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Body in the Reservoir: Murder and Sensationalism in the South<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tucher, Andie. &#8220;In Search of Jenkins: Taste, Style, and Credibility in Gilded Age Journalism.&#8221;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;27 (Summer 2001): 50-55.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tunnell, Ted. \u201cCreating the Propaganda of History: Southern Editors and the Creation of the Carpetbagger and Scalawag.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Southern History<\/em>&nbsp;72:4 (2006): 789-822.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Turner,&nbsp;Hy&nbsp;B.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>When Giants Ruled: The Story of Park Row, New York\u2019s Great Newspaper Street.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em>New York: Fordham University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wallace, Aurora.&nbsp; &#8220;The Architecture of News: Nineteenth Century Newspaper Buildings in New York.&#8221;&nbsp; PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wallace, Aurora.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cA Height Deemed Appalling: Nineteenth-Century New York Newspaper Buildings.&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;31:4 (Winter 2006): 178-189.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wallach, Glenn. \u201cA Depraved Taste for Publicity: The Press and Private Life in the Gilded Age.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Studies<\/em>&nbsp;39:1 (Spring 1998): 31-57.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ward, Ken J., and Aaron Atkins.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cToo Infernally Scientific\u2019: John Wesley Powell and News Faming of Climate Policy in the Nineteenth-Century Press.\u201d&nbsp;<em>American Journalism<\/em> 41:1 (2024): 57-85.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watson, Elmo Scott. \u201cThe Indian Wars and the Press, 1866-1867.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;17 (1940): 301-312.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watson, Elmo Scott. \u201cThe Last Indian War, 1890-91: A Study of Newspaper Jingoism.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism Quarterly<\/em>&nbsp;20 (September 1943): 205-219.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wharton-Michael, Patty. \u201cThe Johnstown Flood of 1889: The&nbsp;<em>Johnstown Tribune<\/em>\u2019s Commonsense Coverage vs. Common-Practice Sensationalism.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journalism History<\/em>&nbsp;38:1 (2012): 23-33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>White, Richard Grant.&nbsp; &#8220;Morals and Manners of Journalism.&#8221;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>The Galaxy<\/em>&nbsp;(December 1869): 840-847.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wilson, John P., \u201cBuilding His Own Legend: Billy the Kid and the Media,\u201d&nbsp;<em>New Mexico Historical Review,<\/em>&nbsp;82 (Spring 2007), 221\u201335.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/2021\/09\/17\/hello-world\/\">Back to Index Page<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Back to Index Page Adams, Edward E.&nbsp; &#8220;Secret Combinations and Collusive Agreements: The Scripps Newspaper Empire and the Early Roots of Joint Operating Agreements.&#8221;&nbsp;Journalism Quarterly&nbsp;73 (Spring 1996): 195-205. Agran, Edward G.&nbsp;&nbsp;Too Good a Town: William Allen White, Community, and the Emerging Rhetoric of Middle America.&nbsp; Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1998. Ahearn, Lorraine.&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201cOld-Time Negroes: Nostalgic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-136","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/48"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2255,"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/136\/revisions\/2255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mupages.marshall.edu\/masscommhistorybibliography\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}